Biodiesel (Springer, 2008).pdf

Biodiesel

Ayhan Demirbas

Biodiesel

A Realistic Fuel Alternative

for Diesel Engines

123

Ayhan Demirbas

Professor of Energy Technology

Sila Science and Energy

Trabzon

Turkey

ISBN 978-1-84628-994-1

e-ISBN 978-1-84628-995-8

DOI 10.1007/978-1-84628-995-8

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Demirbas, Ayhan

Biodiesel : a realistic fuel alternative for diesel engines

1. Biodiesel fuels

I. Title

662.8'8

ISBN-13: 9781846289941

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007942233

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted

under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or

transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case

of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copy-right Licensing

Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a

specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for

general use.

The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information

contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that

may be made.

Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L., Girona, Spain

Printed on acid-free paper

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

springer.com

Preface

This book aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of triglycerides (oils and

fats), which convert primary forms of energy into a more usable and economical

source of energy for transportation. Biodiesel is a domestic fuel for diesel engines

derived from natural oils like soybean oil. It is the name given to a variety of es-

ter-based oxygenated fuels from renewable biological sources that can be made

from processed organic oils and fats.

The text is geared toward postgraduates in energy-related studies, fuel engi-

neers, scientists, energy researchers, industrialists, policymakers, and agricultural

engineers and assumes the reader has some understanding of the basic concepts of

transportation fuels.

The first chapter, “Introduction to energy sources”, comprises one fifth of the

book; the chapter goes into detail on global energy sources, especially renewables,

i.e. , biomass, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and marine. The second chapter is

entitled “Biofuels” and covers the main liquid biofuels such as bioethanol, bio-

methanol, and liquid fuels from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The third chapter,

“Vegetable oils and animal fats”, covers the use of vegetable oils and animal fats

in fuel engines. Furthermore, processing conditions as well as alternative applica-

tions of fatty acid methyl esters are discussed briefly in subsequent chapters-

“Biodiesel”, “Biodiesel from triglycerides via transesterification”, “Fuel properties

of biodiesels”, “Current technologies in biodiesel production”, “Engine perform-

ance tests”, “Global renewable energy and biofuel scenarios”, and “The biodiesel

economy and biodiesel policy”.

Experts suggest that current oil and gas reserves will last only a few more dec-

ades. To meet rising energy demands and compensate for diminishing petroleum

reserves, fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol are in the forefront of alternative

technologies. It is well known that transport is almost totally dependent on fossil-,

particularly petroleum-, based fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petro-

leum gas, and natural gas. An alternative fuel to petrodiesel must be technically

feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable, and easily avail-

able. Accordingly, the viable alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines is

biodiesel. Biodiesel use may improve emission levels of some pollutants and

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