Altium Designer - Prowadzenie sciezek.pdf

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Module 18: Routing and Polygons
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Module 18: Routing and Polygons
Software, documentation and related materials:
Copyright © 2009 Altium Limited.
All rights reserved. You are permitted to print this document provided that (1) the use of such is for personal use only and will
not be copied or posted on any network computer or broadcast in any media, and (2) no modifications of the document is
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translation into another language, except for brief excerpts in published reviews, is prohibited without the express written
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subject to both criminal and civil penalties, including fines and/or imprisonment. Altium, Altium Designer, Board Insight, Design
Explorer, DXP, LiveDesign, NanoBoard, NanoTalk, P-CAD, SimCode, Situs, TASKING, and Topological Autorouting and their
respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Altium Limited or its subsidiaries. All other registered or
unregistered trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners and no trademark rights to the same are
claimed.
Module Seq = 18
18.1 Routing
18.1.1 Interactive routing
Routing is the process of defining connective paths between the nodes in each net.
Altium Designer includes a powerful Interactive Routing engine to help you efficiently route your
board. There are two interactive routing commands, both are launched from the Place menu.
• Interactive Routing – you place track segments to route the selected connection. The
routing engine attempts to find a path from the start of the connection (or last click location),
to the current cursor location. The path it finds depends on the current routing mode, you can
choose between: Walkaround , Push , HugNPush or Ignore . When you click, all segments will
be placed (except the last one if the look-ahead option is enabled). You can also auto-
complete the connection up to the target pad by holding the Ctrl key as you click, if the
routing engine can identify a path. Existing routes can also be re-routed by simple placing
new segments, with old redundant routing being removed when you finish defining the new
route path (if the loop removal option is enabled).
• Differential Pair Routing – this command is used to route a pair of nets simultaneously. To
do this, the nets must be defined as a differential pair.
• Once you have chosen one of the interactive routing commands, click on a connection line to
commence routing that connection. Interactive routing shortcuts can be accessed at any time
during routing by pressing the Shift+F1 keys, or by displaying the Shortcuts panel.
18.1.1.1 Managing connectivity
Once components are placed into a PCB file, connection lines display to indicate which pads
belong in each net, and must be routed to create the connectivity defined in the schematic.
• Whenever there is an operation on a copper layer that affects connectivity, the PCB Editor
analyzes the PCB to determine if any connections have changed. If you have routed a
connection (joined 2 pads with track segments on a copper layer), the connection line
between those 2 pads is no longer displayed. Also, if a shorter path for any connection is
possible because of a routed connection, a shorter connection line is displayed.
• The arrangement or pattern of the connection lines in a net is called the topology . The default
topology for all nets in a board is Shortest, as determined by the applicable Routing Topology
design rule. Because it is shortest, as you move components around the connection lines
may jump from one pad in the net to another pad in the net, maintaining the shortest possible
length of connection lines for that net.
• You can change the color of the connection lines for a net in the Edit Net dialog, double click
on the net name in the PCB panel to open the dialog.
18.1.1.2 Interactive Routing track width
When you select one of the Interactive Routing
commands and start routing, the track width that you start
with is determined by the PCB Editor – Interactive
Routing settings in the Preferences dialog, working in
harmony with the applicable Width Constraint design
rules.
While the preferences allow you to change the width as
you route, it is always constrained by the applicable rule
– if you attempt to change it outside the range defined by
the rule it will automatically be clipped back to the rule min or max, whichever is closer.
Figure 1. Interactive routing behavior is
determined by these settings.
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Track Width / Via Size Mode
• User Choice – With this mode enabled the routing width is selected from the list of favorite
widths, press Shift+W while routing to display the list. Use the Favorite Interactive Routing
Widths button in the preferences dialog to configure the list.
• Rule Minimum – With this mode enabled the Minimum size setting in the applicable design
rule will be used.
• Rule Preferred – With this mode enabled the Preferred size setting in the applicable design
rule will be used.
• Rule Maximum – With this mode enabled the Maximum size setting in the applicable design
rule will be used.
Note: You can cycle between the above modes while interactive routing by pressing the 3 (for
Track Width) or 4 (for Via Size) shortcut keys, the current setting is indicated on the Status bar.
18.1.1.3 Editing during Routing
As well as S HIFT +W to change the track width, there is another level of editing available as you
route. Pressing the T AB key will open the Interactive Routing for Net dialog ( ) , where you
can configure many of the interactive routing options, as well as edit the routing width and via
size attributes.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Interactive Routing dialog
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18.1.1.4 Handling conflicts during Interactive Routing
As you route interactively you will be placing track segments amongst other objects that are
already on the board. You can control how Altium Designer should handle a potential routing
conflict. The conflict resolution mode is set in the PCB Editor – Interactive Routing page of the
Preferences dialog, the applicable settings are shown in Error! Reference source not found. .
Conflict resolution modes include:
• None – this is the Ignore mode, where conflicts are
permitted. You can route over the top of existing objects.
Violations are highlighted.
• Push Conflicting Objects – in this mode all existing
tracks and vias will be pushed to make room for the new
route.
• Walkaround Conflicting Object – in this mode the new
route will walk around existing obstacles, or jump them if
possible. As you move the cursor, the routing engine
continually attempts to find the shortest path from the last
click location to the current cursor location – click to
define intermediate locations if you don’t like the
calculated path.
• Hug And Push Conflicting Object – in this mode the routing engine will follow existing
objects, and only push them when there is insufficient room for the track being routed. In this
mode the route path tends to follow the path you draw with the cursor.
• Stop At First Obstacle – in this mode the routing engine will stop at the first obstacle that
gets in the way.
Figure 3. Define how interactive
routing conflicts are handled.
Note: Press the Shift+R shortcut keys to cycle through the different modes while you are
routing, keep an eye on the status bar to see which mode you are currently in.
18.1.1.5 Additional Interactive Routing Options
Altium Designer’s routing capabilities have been developed to make the routing process efficient.
There are another set of options that go toward that efficiency, which are also set in the PCB
Editor – Interactive Routing page of the Preferences dialog (
These include:
• Restrict to 90/45 – there is a total of 5 possible routing
corner modes, cycled through as you press
S HIFT +S PACEBAR during interactive routing. Enabling this
option will restrict this list to 2, you will only choose between
90 degree or 45 degree corners.
• Automatically Terminate Routing – with this option
enabled, when you click on the target pad both the current
track segment and the look-ahead segment are placed and
you are automatically released from that route, ready to
start on another connection.
• Automatically Remove Loops – with this option enabled, loops that are created during
manual routing are automatically removed.
Figure 4. Additional interactive routing
options.
Note: Automatic Loop Removal can be disabled on an individual net if you require routing
loops in that net. Double-click on the net name in the PCB panel to access the net
properties to alter this setting.
• Hug Existing Traces (Walkaround Mode) – with this enabled walkaround mode still
attempts to find the shortest path from the last click to current cursor location, but makes
hugging existing objects a higher priority than shortest distance.
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