Encyclopedia of Smart Materials [Vols 1 and 2] - M. Schwartz (2002) WW.pdf - ENCYKLOPEDIE(1) - Szeptas

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

SMART MATERIALS

VOLUME 1 and VOLUME 2

Mel Schwartz

The Encyclopedia of Smart Materials is available Online at

www.interscience.wiley.com/reference/esm

A Wiley-Interscience Publication

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any

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For ordering and customer service, call 1-800-CALL WILEY.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Encyclopedia of smart materials / Mel Schwartz, editor-in-chief.

p. cm.

“A Wiley-Interscience publication.”

Includes index.

ISBN 0-471-17780-6 (cloth : alk.paper)

1. Smart materials—Encyclopedias. I. Schwartz, Mel M.

TA418 9.S62 E63 2002

620.1 1—dc21

2001056795

Printed in the United States of America.

10987654321

CONTRIBUTORS

D. Michelle Addington, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,

Architecture

Yasuyuki Agari, Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, Joto-

ku, Osaka, Japan, Polymer Blends, Functionally Graded

U.O. Akpan, Martec Limited, Halifax, NS, Canada, Vibration Control

in Ship Structures

Samuel M. Allen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,

MA, Shape-Memory Alloys, Magnetically Activated Ferromagnetic

Shape-Memory Materials

J.M. Bell, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Qld,

Windows

Yves Bellouard, Institut de Systemes Robotiques Ecole Polytechnique

Federale de Lausanne Switzerland, Microrobotics, Microdevices Based

on Shape-Memory Alloys

Davide Bernardini, Universit a di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy,

Shape-Memory Materials, Modeling

A. Berry, GAUS, University de Sherbrroke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,

Vibration Control in Ship Structures

O. Besslin, GAUS, University de Sherbrroke, Sherbrooke, Quebec,

Canada, Vibration Control in Ship Structures

Mahesh C. Bhardwaj, Second Wave Systems, Boalsburg, PA, Nondes-

tructive Evaluation

Vivek Bharti, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,

Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) and Its Copolymers

Rafael Bravo, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela, Truss

Structures with Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors

Christopher S. Brazel, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama,

Biomedical Sensing

W.A. Bullough, University of Shefﬁeld, Shefﬁeld, UK, Fluid Machines

J. David Carlson, Lord Corporation, Cary, NC, Magnetorheological

Fluids

Aditi Chattopadhyay, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, Adaptive

Systems, Rotary Wing Applications

Peter C. Chen, Alexandria, VA, Ship Health Monitoring

Seung-Bok Choi, Inha University, Inchon, Korea, Vibration Control

D.D.L. Chung, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY,

Composites, Intrinsically Smart Structures

Juan L. Cormenzana, ETSII / Polytechnic University of Madrid,

Madrid, Spain, Computational Techniques For Smart Materials

Marcelo J. Dapino, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Magne-

tostrictive Materials

Jerry A. Darsey, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR,

Neural Networks

Kambiz Dianatkhah, Lennox Industries, Carrollton, TX, Highways

Mohamed Dokainish, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,

Canada, Truss Structures with Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors

Sherry Draisey, Good Vibrations Engineering, Ltd, Nobleton, Ontario,

Canada, Pest Control Applications

Michael Drake, University of Dayton Research, Dayton, OH, Vibra-

tional Damping, Design Considerations

Thomas D. Dziubla, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Gels

Hiroshi Eda, IBARAKI University, Nakanarusawa, Japan, Giant Mag-

netostrictive Materials

Shigenori Egusa (Deceased), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute,

Takasaki-shi, Gunma, Japan, Paints

Harold D. Eidson, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX USA, Fish

Aquatic Studies

Arthur J. Epstein, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Magnets,

Organic/ Polymer

John S.O. Evans, University of Durham, Durham, UK, Thermorespon-

sive Inorganic Materials

Frank Filisko, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Electrorheolog-

ical Materials

Koji Fujita, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, Tribolumines-

cence, Applications in Sensors

Takehito Fukuda, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan,

Cure and Health Monitoring

C.R. Fuller, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,

Blacksburg, VA, Sound Control with Smart Skins

I. Yu. Galaev, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Polymers, Biotechnology

and Medical Applications

David W. Galipeau, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD,

Sensors, Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors

L.B. Glebov, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, Photochromic

and Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glasses

J.A. G uemes, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain, Intelligent Processing

of Materials (IPM)

Andrew D. Hamilton, Yale University, New Haven, CT, Gelators,

Organic

Tian Hao, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ,

Electrorheological Fluids

J.S. Harrison, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, Polymers,

Piezoelectric

Bradley R. Hart, University of California, Irvine, CA, Molecularly

Imprinted Polymers

Alisa J. Millar Henrie, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, Magne-

torheological Fluids

Kazuyuki Hirao, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, Tribolumi-

nescence, Applications in Sensors

Wesley P. Hoffman, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL / PRSM,

Edwards AFB, CA, Microtubes

J. Van Humbeeck, K.U. Leuven-MTM, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,

Heverlee, Belgium, Shape Memory Alloys, Types and Functionalities

Emile H. Ishida, INAX Corporation, Minatomachi, Tokoname, Aichi,

Japan, Soil-Ceramics (Earth), Self-Adjustment of Humidity and

Temperature

Tsuguo Ishihara, Hyogo, Prefectural Institute of Industrial Research

Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan, Triboluminescence, Applications in Sensors

Yukio Ito, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, Ce-

ramics, Transducers

Bahram Jadidian, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, Ceramics,

Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive

Andreas Janshoff, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universit at, Mainz, Germany,

Biosensors, Porous Silicon

T.L. Jordan, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, Character-

ization of Piezoelectric Ceramic Materials

George Kavarnos, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,

Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) and Its Copolymers

Andrei Kholkin, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, Ceramics, Piezo-

electric and Electrostrictive

Jason S. Kiddy, Alexandria, VA, Ship Health Monitoring

L.C. Klein, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway,

NJ, Electrochromic Sol-Gel Coatings

T.S. Koko, Martec Limited, Halifax, NS, Canada, Vibration Control in

Ship Structures

Tatsuro Kosaka, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan,

Cure and Health Monitoring

Joseph Kost, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, ISRAEL,

Drug Delivery Systems

D. Kranbuehl, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia,

Frequency Dependent Electromagnetic Sensing (FDEMS)

Smadar A. Lapidot, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva,

Israel, Drug Delivery Systems

Manuel Laso, ETSII / Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,

Computational Techniques For Smart Materials

Christine M. Lee, Unilever Research US Edgewater, NJ, Langmuir–

Blodgett Films

CONTRIBUTORS

F. Rodriguez-Lence, EADS-CASA Getafe, Madrid, Spain, Intelligent

Processing of Materials (IPM)

Malgorzata M. Lencka, OLI Systems, Inc. Morris Plains, NJ, Intelligent

Synthesis of Smart Ceramic Materials

T.W. Lewis, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia, Conduc-

tive Polymers

Fang Li, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, Chitosan-Based Gels

Anthony M. Lowman, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Gels

Daoqiang Lu, Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Electrically Conduc-

tive Adhesives for Electronic Applications

Shijian Luo, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Conductive

Polymer Composites with Large Positive Temperature Coefﬁcients

L.A.P. Kane-Maguire, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia,

Conductive Polymers

A. Maignan, Laboratoire CRISMAT, ISMRA, CAEN Cedex, FRANCE,

Colossal Magnetoresistive Materials

Arumugam Manthiram, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,

Battery Applications

P. Masson, GAUS, University de Sherbrroke, Sherbrooke, Quebec,

Canada, Vibration Control in Ship Structures

Hideaki Matsubara, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Japan, Self-diagnosing of

Damage in Ceramics and Large-Scale Structures

J.P. Matthews, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Qld,

Windows

B. Mattiasson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Polymers, Biotechno-

logy and Medical Applications

Raymond M. Measures, Ontario, Canada, Fiber Optics, Bragg Grating

Sensors

Rosa E. Mel endez, Yale University, New Haven, CT, Gelators, Organic

J.M. Menendez, EADS-CASA Getafe, Madrid, Spain, Intelligent Pro-

cessing of Materials (IPM)

Zhongyan Meng, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of

China, Actuators, Piezoelectric Ceramic, Functional Gradient

Joel S. Miller, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, Magnets, Or-

ganic/Polymer; Spin-Crossover Materials

Nezih Mrad, Institute for Aerospace Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology: Introduction and Evaluation and

Application

Rajesh R. Naik, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Biomi-

metic Electromagnetic Devices

R.C. O’Handley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,

Shape-Memory Alloys, Magnetically Activated Ferromagnetic Shape-

Memory Materials

Yoshiki Okuhara, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Japan, Self-diagnosing of

Damage in Ceramics and Large-scale Structures

Christopher O. Oriakhi, Hewlett-Packard Company, Corvallis, OR,

Chemical Indicating Devices

Z. Ounaies, ICASE/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA,

Characterization of Piezoelectric Ceramic Materials; Polymers, Piezo-

electric

Thomas J. Pence, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, Shape-

Memory Materials, Modeling

Darryll J. Pines, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, Health

Monitoring (Structural) Using Wave Dynamics

Jesse E. Purdy, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, Fish Aquatic

Studies

Jinhao Qiu, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan, Biomedical Applications

John Rajadas, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, Adaptive Systems,

Rotary Wing Applications

Carolyn Rice, Cordis-NDC, Fremont, CA, Shape Memory Alloys, Appli-

cations

R. H. Richman, Daedalus Associates, Mountain View, CA, Power Indus-

try Applications

Richard E. Riman, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, Intelligent Syn-

thesis of Smart Ceramic Materials

Paul Ross, Alexandria, VA, Ship Health Monitoring

Ahmad Safari, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, Ceramics, Piezo-

electric and Electrostrictive

Daniel S. Schodek, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Architecture

Jeffrey Schoess, Honeywell Technology Center, Minneapolis, MN,

Sensor Array Technology, Army

Johannes Schweiger, European Aeronautic Defense and Space Com-

pany, Military Aircraft Business Unit, Muenchen, Germany, Aircraft

Control, Applications of Smart Structures

K.H. Searles, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology,

Beaverton, OR, Composites, Survey

Kenneth J. Shea, University of California, Irvine, CA, Molecularly

Imprinted Polymers

Songhua Shi, Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Flip-Chip Applica-

tions, Underﬁll Materials

I.L. Skryabin, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Qld,

Windows

N. Sponagle, DREA, Dartmouth, NS, Canada, Vibration Control in Ship

Structures

R. Stalmans, Flexmet, Aarschot, Belgium, Shape Memory Alloys, Types

and Functionalities

Dave S. Steinberg, Westlake Village, CA, Vibrational Analysis

Claudia Steinem, Universit at Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,

Biosensors, Porous Silicon

Morley O. Stone, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, Bio-

mimetic Electromagnetic Devices

J. Stringer, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, Power Industry Applications

A. Suleman, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, Adaptive

Composite Systems: Modeling and Applications

J. Szabo, DREA, Dartmouth, NS, Canada, Vibration Control in Ship

Structures

Daniel R. Talham, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, Langmuir–

Blodgett Films

Katsuhisa Tanaka, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto,

Japan, Triboluminescence, Applications in Sensors

Mami Tanaka, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan, Biomedical Applica-

tions

Brian S. Thompson, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, Com-

posites, Future Concepts

Harry Tuller, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,

Electroceramics

Kenji Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,

Ceramics, Transducers

Eric Udd, Blue Road Research, Fairview, Oregon, Fiber optics, Theory

and Applications

Anthony Faria Vaz, Applied Computing Enterprises Inc., Mississauga,

Ontario, Canada & University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,

Truss Structures with Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors

A.G. Vedeshwar, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, Optical Storage

Films, Chalcogenide Compound Films

Aleksandra Vinogradov, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT,

Piezoelectricity in Polymers

G.G. Wallace, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia, Conduc-

tive Polymers

Lejun Wang, Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Flip-Chip Applica-

tions, Underﬁll Materials

Zhong L. Wang, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Smart

Perovskites

Phillip G. Wapner, ERC Inc., Edwards AFB, CA, Microtubes

Zhongguo Wei, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, Hybrid

Composites

Michael O. Wolf, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British

Columbia, Canada, Poly( P -Phenylenevinylene)

C.P. Wong, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Conductive

Polymer Composites with Large Positive Temperature Coefﬁcients;

Electrically Conductive Adhesives for Electronic Applications

C.P. Wong, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Flip-Chip

Applications, Underﬁll Materials

Chao-Nan Xu, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and

Technology (AIST), Tosu, Saga, Japan, Coatings

CONTRIBUTORS

Hiroaki Yanagida, University of Tokyo, Mutuno, Atsuta-ku,

Nagoya, Japan, Environmental and People Applications; Ken-

Materials; Self-diagnosing of Damage in Ceramics and Large-scale

Structures

Dazhi Yang, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, Hybrid

Composites

Kang De Yao, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, Chitosan-Based

Gels

Yu Ji Yin, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, Chitosan-Based Gels

Rudolf Zentel, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Polymers, Ferro-

electric liquid Crystalline Elastomers

Q.M. Zhang, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,

Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) and Its Copolymers

Feng Zhao, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, Chitosan-Based Gels

Libo Zhou, IBARAKI University, Nakanarusawa, Japan, Giant Magne-

tostrictive Materials

Xinhua Zhu, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,

Actuators, Piezoelectric Ceramic, Functional Gradient

Encyclopedia of Smart Materials [Vols 1 and 2] - M. Schwartz (2002) WW.pdf

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