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Blackwell Companions to Philosophy
A Companion to
Philosophy in the
Middle Ages
Edited by
. .
and
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A Companion to Philosophy in the
Middle Ages
Blackwell Companions to Philosophy
This outstanding student reference series offers a comprehensive and authoritative survey
of philosophy as a whole. Written by today’s leading philosophers, each volume provides
lucid and engaging coverage of the key figures, terms, topics, and problems of the field.
Taken together, the volumes provide the ideal basis for course use, representing an
unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike.
Already published in the series:
15. A Companion to Bioethics
Edited by Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer
16. A Companion to the Philosophers
Edited by Robert L. Arrington
17. A Companion to Business Ethics
Edited by Robert E. Frederick
18. A Companion to the Philosophy of
Science
Edited by W. H. Newton-Smith
19. A Companion to Environmental
Philosophy
Edited by Dale Jamieson
20. A Companion to Analytic Philosophy
Edited by A. P. Martinich and David Sosa
21. A Companion to Genethics
Edited by Justine Burley and John Harris
22. A Companion to Philosophical Logic
Edited by Dale Jacquette
23. A Companion to Early Modern
Philosophy
Edited by Steven Nadler
24. A Companion to Philosophy in the
Middle Ages
Edited by Jorge J. E. Gracia and
Timothy B. Noone
25. A Companion to African American
Philosophy
Edited by Tommy L. Lott and
John P. Pittman
26. A Companion to Applied Ethics
Edited by R. G. Frey and
Christopher Heath Wellman
27. A Companion to the Philosophy of
Education
Edited by Randall Curren
1. The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy
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2. A Companion to Ethics
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3. A Companion to Aesthetics
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4. A Companion to Epistemology
Edited by Jonathan Dancy and Ernest Sosa
5. A Companion to Contemporary Political
Philosophy
Edited by Robert E. Goodin and
Philip Pettit
6. A Companion to Philosophy of Mind
Edited by Samuel Guttenplan
7. A Companion to Metaphysics
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8. A Companion to Philosophy of Law and
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9. A Companion to Philosophy of Religion
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10. A Companion to the Philosophy of
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11. A Companion to World Philosophies
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14. A Companion to Cognitive Science
Edited by William Bechtel and
George Graham
© 2002 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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The right of Jorge J. E. Gracia and Timothy B. Noone to be identified as the Authors of the
Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs,
and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
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permission of the publisher.
First published 2002 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A companion to philosophy in the middle ages / edited by Jorge J. E. Gracia and Timothy B.
Noone.
p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to philosophy; 24)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-631-21672-3 (alk. paper)
1. Philosophy, Medieval. I. Gracia, Jorge J. E. II. Noone, Timothy B. III. Series.
B721 .C54 2002
189–dc21
2002066421
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
Set in 10/12 Ehrhardt
by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd, Hong Kong
Printed and bound in the United Kingdom
by T. J. International, Padstow, Cornwall
For further information on
Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com
Contents
List of Contributors
xii
Preface
xv
Chronological List
xviii
Philosophy in the Middle Ages: An Introduction
1
Jorge J. E. Gracia
PA RT I: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT
1 The Ancient Philosophical Legacy and its Transmission to the
Middle Ages
15
Charles H. Lohr
2 The Patristic Background
23
Stephen F. Brown
3 Philosophy in the Latin Christian West: 750–1050
32
Peter King
4 The School of Chartres
36
Winthrop Wetherbee
5Religious Orders
45
M. Michèle Mulchahey and Timothy B. Noone
6Sholasticism
55
Timothy B. Noone
7 The Parisian Condemnations of 1270 and 1277
65
John F. Wippel
PA RT II: THE AUTHORS
1 Adam of Wodeham
77
Rega Wood
2 Adelard of Bath
86
Jeremiah Hackett
3 Alan of Lille
88
John Marenbon
4 Albert of Saxony
90
Edward Grant
v
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