Essentials of the Java Programming part II 2000.pdf

Essentials of the Java(TM) Programming Language, Part 2

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Essentials of the Java TM Programming

Language: A Hands-On Guide, Part 2

by Monica Pawlan

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This series of lessons builds on the material presented in Java TM

Programming Language Basics, Part 1 , which introduced

applications, applets, and servlets; simple file and database access

operations; and remote method invocation (RMI).

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The lessons and code examples for Part 2 are somewhat more

complex. They walk you through network communications, building

a user interface using more components, data encryption and

decryption (pseudo code only), grouping multiple data elements

into one object (collections), and internationalizing a program. Part

2 concludes with some object-oriented programming concepts.

Contents

Lesson 1: Socket Communications

What are Sockets and Threads?

About the Examples

Example 1: Server-Side Program

Example 1: Client-Side Program

Example 2: Multithreaded Server Example

More Information

Lesson 2: User Interfaces Revisited

About the Example

Fruit Order Client Code

Global Variables

Constructor

Event Handling

Cursor Focus

Converting Strings to Numbers and Back

Server Program Code

View Order Client Code

Program Improvements

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Essentials of the Java(TM) Programming Language, Part 2

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Lesson 3: Cryptography

About the Example

Running the Example

Pseudo Code

More Information

Lesson 4: Serialization

About the Example

Wrapping the Data

Sending Data

Server Program

Receiving Data

More Information

Lesson 5: Collections

About Collections

Creating a Set

Printing

More Information

Lesson 6: Internationalization

Identify Culturally Dependent Data

Create Keyword and Value Pair Files

Internationalize Application Text

Localize Numbers

Compile and Run the Application

Program Improvements

More Information

Lesson 7: Packages and Java Archive File Format

Setting up Class Packages

Create the Directories

Declare the Packages

Make Classes and Fields Accessible

Change Client Code to Find the Properties File

Compile and Run the Example

Using JAR Files to Deploy

Server Set of Files

Fruit Order Client Set of Files

View Order Client Set of Files

More Information

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Essentials of the Java(TM) Programming Language, Part 2

Lesson 8: Object-Oriented Programming

Object-Oriented Programming Defined

Classes

Objects

Well-Defined Boundaries and Cooperation

Inheritance

Polymorphism

Data Access Levels

Your Own Classes

Program Improvements

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In Closing

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Java (TM) Language Basics, Part 2, Lesson 1: Socket Communications

A-Z Index

Java

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Downloads, APIs,

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Tutorials, Tech Articles,

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Java TM Programming Language Basics,

Part 2

Lesson 1: Socket Communications

Community Discussion

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News & Events from

Everywhere

Products from

Everywhere

How Java Technology

is Used Worldwide

Java TM Programming Language Basics, Part 1 , finished with a

simple network communications example using the Remote Method

Invocation (RMI) application programming interface (API). The RMI

example allows multiple client programs to communicate with the

same server program without any explicit code to do this because

the RMI API is built on sockets and threads.

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This lesson presents a simple sockets-based program to introduce

the concepts of sockets and multi-threaded programming. A

multi-threaded program performs multiple tasks at one time such

as fielding simultaneous requests from many client programs.

What are Sockets and Threads?

About the Examples

Example 1: Server-Side Program

Example 1: Client-Side Program

Example 2: Multithreaded Server Example

More Information

What are Sockets and Threads?

A socket is a software endpoint that establishes bidirectional

communication between a server program and one or more client

programs. The socket associates the server program with a specific

hardware port on the machine where it runs so any client program

anywhere in the network with a socket associated with that same

port can communicate with the server program.

A server program typically provides

resources to a network of client

programs. Client programs send

requests to the server program, and

the server program responds to the

request.

One way to handle requests from

more than one client is to make the

server program multi-threaded. A

multi-threaded server creates a thread for each communication it

accepts from a client. A thread is a sequence of instructions that

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Java (TM) Language Basics, Part 2, Lesson 1: Socket Communications

run independently of the program and of any other threads.

Using threads, a multi-threaded server program can accept a

connection from a client, start a thread for that communication,

and continue listening for requests from other clients.

About the Examples

The examples for this lesson consist of two versions of the client

and server program pair adapted from the FileIO.java application

presented in Part 1, Lesson 6: File Access and Permissions .

Example 1 sets up a client and server communication between one

server program and one client program. The server program is not

multi-threaded and cannot handle requests from more than one

client.

Example 2 converts the server program to a multi-threaded version

so it can handle requests from more than one client.

Example 1: Client-Side Behavior

The client program presents a simple user interface and prompts

for text input. When you click the Click Me button, the text is sent to

the server program. The client program expects an echo from the

server and prints the echo it receives on its standard output.

Example 1: Server-Side Behavior

The server program presents a simple user interface, and when you

click the Click Me button, the text received from the client is

displayed. The server echoes the text it receives whether or not

you click the Click Me button.

Example 1: Compile and Run

To run the example programs, start the server program first. If you

do not, the client program cannot establish the socket connection.

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