bulk carrier practice.pdf

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BULK CARRIER
Captain J Isbester FNI MRIN
Extra Master
Foreword by Dr Frank Chao, Chairman, Intercargo
BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 1
PRACTICE
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword
6
Introduction
7
Acknowledgements
9
Chapter 1
BULK CARRIERS PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE
15
Evolution from tramp ships, categories of bulk carrier, the layout of a bulk carrier
with particular reference to its distinctive features.
Chapter 2
CHARTERPARTIES
29
Charterparties, time charters, voyage charters, sub-chartering, voyage estimates,
compliance with the charter party, owners' and charterers' voyage orders,
consultation with principals, master's responsibilities including interruptions to
the voyage, keeping full records, surveys, and tendering of notice of readiness.
Chapter 3
LOG BOOKS, RECORDS & REFERENCE BOOKS
37
The records which should be maintained aboard bulk carriers because of their
trade, the reference books which ought to be available for routine inspection,
and the drawings required by deck officers.
Chapter 4
MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF HATCH COVERS
51
Development, hatchcover types, general description and design, surveys, testing
for watertightness, maintenance procedures, some defects, emergency opening
& closing, hatch leakage-first aid.
Chapter 5
PREPARATION OF HOLDS
69
General considerations, disposal of cargo residues, preparation for cleaning,
washing, clearing blocked bilge suctions, drying, sweeping, preparation of bilges
and testing of fittings, hold inspections, time required for hold preparation, final
preparations, hold coatings, ballast holds.
Chapter 6
ENSURING SYSTEMS ARE OPERATIONAL
78
Ventilation, airpipes, hold bilges, soundings, hold temperature systems, deck &
hold lighting, fire smothering systems, hatch coaming drains, deck machinery,
derricks & cranes.
Chapter 7
BALLAST MANAGEMENT
87
Basic pattern of ballast management, relevant regulations, ship's ballast layout,
quantity of ballast required, ballasting whilst discharging, ballast management on
passage, restrictions on deballasting, deballasting, achieving good results,
maintenance of ballast tanks, removal of sediment and scale, patching of leaks,
maintenance of coatings in tanks, inspections, closing of tanks.
Chapter 8
STRENGTH, STABILITY, DRAFT & TRIM
103
Shear forces and bending moments, ship movement in a seaway, springing, hull
stress monitoring, stability, free surface effect, angle of loll, flooding, sloshing,
hogging & sagging, squat, effects of list and heel, change of trim due to change
of density.
Chapter 9
PLANNING OF THE LOADING
109
Orders for loading, general approach, maximum lift, limiting point in voyage,
factors which govern the distribution of cargo, the loading/deballasting
programme, two berth and two port loading and discharge, block loading, two
and multi-loader operations, the trimming pours, loading the optimum amount
of cargo, the discharging programme, when cargo cannot be carried safely.
BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 3
Chapter 10 THE LOADING CALCULATIONS
Loading computers, the use of loading manuals, their deficiencies and contents,
displacement, stability and longitudinal strength calculations, choice of methods,
practical considerations, grain stability, timber stability.
Page
123
Chapter 11 THE LOADING OR DISCHARGING BERTH
The final authority for decisions, the need for exchange of information,
maximum safe draft, tidal range and sailing draft, air draft, cargo handling
equipment and rate, positions of structures on quay, mooring requirements,
systems of fendering, systems of access, restrictions on deballasting,
communication with berth operators, tonnage 'on the belt', hours of work,
effects of weather, methods of trimming, loading, and discharging, ship's
information for the berth operator including typical mooring arrangements,
methods of information exchange, storing and handling of cargoes ashore.
139
Chapter 12 THE LOADING PERIOD
The importance of the loading period, arrival in the berth, preloading surveys,
acceptability of the offered cargo, duties of the ship's officers, the
loading/deballasting programme, monitoring of the loading and deballasting,
supervision of the work of the crew, liaison with loading staff, damage to ship or
cargo, maintenance of full records, chief mate's role as troubleshooter, master's
role, shifting ship by warping, safe procedures for working cargo.
151
Chapter 13 ESTABLISHING THE QUANTITY OF CARGO
LOADED OR DISCHARGED
Methods of weighing bulk cargoes ashore, draft survey procedures, reasons for
unexpected results.
160
Chapter 14 CARGO DOCUMENTS
Hold inspection certificates, mate's receipts, bills of lading and authorisations to
sign them, phytosanitary certificates, certificates of compliance, UN approval,
origin, declarations by shipper, certificates of transportable moisture limit,
moisture content, master's response sheet, certificates of IMO classification,
lashing, readiness to load, fitness to proceed to sea, loading, fumigation, weight
and quality, stowage plans, cargo manifests, dangerous cargo manifests, material
safety data, hatch sealing certificates, statements of fact, letters of protest, empty
hold certificates, trimming certificates and stevedores' time sheets, clean ballast
discharge permits and paint compliance certificates.
168
Chapter 15 THE LOADED VOYAGE
Departure from the loading port, choice of route, cargo ventilation, soundings,
acidity of bilges, cargo temperatures, sampling of air in holds, checking and
tightening of cargo lashings daily, inspections in fair and rough weather, conduct
of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, arriving at the discharging port.
179
Chapter 16 THE DISCHARGING PERIOD
Shipboard organisation during discharge, routine procedures, on first arrival,
liaison with the discharging staff, the discharging/ballasting programme,
ballasting, discharge by continuous unloading, grab, Cavaletto, vacuvator or
ship's gear, care for cargo, the search for and repair of stevedores' damage, crew
work.
190
Chapter 17 THE BALLAST VOYAGE
General remarks, departure from the discharging port, choice of route, routine
tasks, conduct of the voyage in rough weather, reporting, before arrival at the
loading port, partial deballasting before berthing.
199
4 THE NAUTICAL INSTITUTE
Page
Operational characteristics of self unloaders, mini-bulkers, forest product ships,
log carriers, retractable tweendeck vessels, vessels with Munck cranes and
combination carriers.
203
Chapter 19 CARRIAGE OF COMMON & TYPICAL BULK CARGOES
223
Grain, coal, iron ore, steel, forest products.
Chapter 20 UNUSUAL CARGOES & SPECIAL TRADES
Bulk cargo separations, taking the ground in the berth, general and breakbulk
cargoes, trading to cold regions.
239
Responsibility for safety, permit to work system, entering enclosed spaces, use of
pesticides, access between ship and shore, hazards from working cargo.
251
Atmospheric test equipment, hydrometers, sea water sampling equipment,
whirling psychrometers, mucking winches, mobile cranes, cherrypickers,
scaffolding, paint sprayers, portable sump pumps, high pressure washing
machines, hold inspection systems, big area descalers, sand blasting machines,
needle guns, pneumatic grease guns.
258
Planned maintenance systems, the planning of maintenance, management of
spare parts, greasing and oiling, painting, maintenance of derricks, cranes and
grabs, ship's fixtures and fittings.
263
Chapter 24 REPAIRS & DRYDOCKING
275
Repair of damage and defects, drydocking.
Chapter 25 SHIP'S HOUSEKEEPING
The housekeeping problem, excluding dust, dealing with dirt, keeping water out,
disposal of wastes.
282
Introduction, bulker casualties and their principal causes, other causes of
damage which might lead to loss of a bulker, prevention of casualties, detection
of damage, other constructive proposals, summary.
287
Appendices
303
Bibliography
394
Index
398
Notes on numbering of illustrations and appendices
All illustrations and appendices are numbered in one sequence consecutively within the chapter in which
they appear or to which they relate—e.g., FIG 1.5, denotes figure 5 in chapter 1 and will be found in the
main text of the book; APPENDIX 10.1 denotes appendix 1 relating to chapter 10 and will be found in
the collection of appendices at the back of the book.
BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 5
Chapter 18 SPECIAL TYPES OF BULK CARRIERS
Chapter 21 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 22 INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
Chapter 23 MAINTENANCE
Chapter 26 BULK CARRIER CASUALTIES
BULK CARRIER PRACTICE 11
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