NWS Observing Handbook.pdf

Synoptic Code Symbols with Range of Values

BBXX

Ship Weather Report Indicator

BBXX

D....D

Radio call sign

Call Sign

Day of the month

01-31

Time of observation

00-23

i w

Wind indicator

3, 4

L a L a L a

Latitude

000-900

Q c

Quadrant

1, 3, 5, 7

L o L o L o L o

Longitude

0000-1800

i R

Precipitation data indicator

i x

Weather data indicator

1, 3

Cloud base height

0-9, /

Visibility

90-99

Cloud cover

0-9, /

Wind direction

00-36, 99

Wind speed

00-99

fff

High Speed Wind

Knots (099- )

s n

Sign of temperature

0, 1

TTT

Dry bulb temperature

Celsius Degrees

T d T d T d

Dew point temperature

Celsius Degrees

PPPP

Sea level pressure

Actual Hp or Mb

(omit 1 in thousandths)

3-hour pressure tendency

0-8

ppp

3-hour pressure change

Hp or Mb

Present weather

00-99

W 1

Past weather (primary)

0-9

W 2

Past weather (secondary)

0-9

N h

Lowest cloud cover

0-9, /

C L

Low cloud type

0-9, /

C M

Middle cloud type

0-9, /

C H

High cloud type

0-9, /

D s

Ships course

0-9

V s

Ships average speed

0-9

S s

Sign/type sea surface temp.

0-7

T W T W T W

Sea surface temp.

Celsius Degrees

P W P W

Sea period

Seconds

H W H W

Sea height

Half Meters

d W1 d W1

Primary swell direction

01-36, 99

d W2 d W2

Secondary swell direction

01-36, 99, //

P W1 P W1

Primary swell period

Seconds

H W1 H W1

Primary swell height

Half Meters

P W2 P W2

Secondary swell period

Seconds

H W2 H W2

Secondary swell height

Half Meters

I s

Ice accretion cause on ship

1-5

E s E s

Ice accretion thickness on ship

Centimeters

R s

Ice accretion rate on ship

0-4

S w

Sign/type wet bulb temp.

0-7

T b T b T b

Wet bulb temp.

Celsius Degrees

c i

Sea ice concentration

0-9, /

S i

Sea ice development

0-9, /

b i

Ice of land origin

0-9, /

D i

Ice edge bearing

0-9, /

z i

Ice trend

0-9, /

National Weather Service

Observing Handbook No. 1

Marine Surface Weather Observations

July 2004

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Weather Service

National Data Buoy Center

Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Program

Building 1100

Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000

Preface

In writing this new edition of NWS Observing Handbook No. 1,

it has been our intent to include as much useful information as possible

in the available space. The compact size and design, and field guide

format, should allow for easy handling and quick reference. We hope

this simplifies your work as weather observers, and makes it easier to

locate the information you need.

Weather has an almost magical hold on the mariner. Every change in

the weather at sea is noted with a sense of trepidation. Reporting

weather not only contributes to your safety, but adds to your basic

knowledge of seamanship. It is part of keeping a good lookout.

For every 100 observations on land, there is only about 1 observation at

sea. Without your participation in the Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS)

program, there would be vast marine areas without data, making

weather forecasting nearly impossible for these areas. The importance

of ship reports cannot be overstated. We thank ships officers for their

fine work, dedication, and committment.

Please follow the weather reporting schedule for ships as best you can

(0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC from all areas; every 3-hours from the

Great Lakes, from within 200 miles of the United States and Canadian

coastlines, and from within 300 miles of named tropical storms or

hurricanes). For assistance, contact a Port Meteorological Officer

(PMO), who will come aboard your vessel and provide all the

information you need to observe, code, and transmit weather

(see page 1-3 through 1-6).

NWSOH No. 1

iii

July 2004

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