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Deck Over Concrete
BUILD A REDWOOD DECK
Concealing an aged concrete patio with
a naturally beautiful redwood deck will
add immeasurable value and ambience
to your outdoor entertainment area.
Building a redwood deck over an existing concrete slab is an easy
way to get the complete enjoyment of a deck at a fraction of the
usual labor and cost. Concrete slabs that have been around for years
are often cracked, uneven or just plain unsightly. Stable, weather-
resistant redwood can cover all these defects beautifully.
There are two basic steps in Deck Over Concrete construction: attach
Construction Heart or Deck Heart redwood 2x4 sleepers to the concrete
slab; and nail 2x4 or 2x6 Construction Heart or Deck Heart decking
to the sleepers.
Measure and trim as you build for the best results. Use only non-corrosive
nails, screws or other fasteners to avoid rust stains. Predrill nail holes
at board ends to avoid splitting.
1. Sleepers First lay the sleepers down in the spots where they
will be attached. Allow for a 1 2 -inch overhang at the outside edge
of the concrete slab for water drainage. They should be spaced 24
inches on center. The sleepers may be random lengths because the
concrete slab will support the full length of the sleeper. This can be
a savings because short lengths are often less expensive. If the
concrete slab is cracked or uneven, this is the time to level the sleepers
with shims or small pieces of Construction Heart or Deck Heart
redwood. If the concrete slab is adjacent to the wall of a house,
sleepers should run perpendicular to the wall for best drainage and
with space for clean out and water to drain.
Knotty redwood garden grades, such as
Construction Common or Deck Common,
are economical choices for all outdoor
projects. For decking and framing that
will be built on or near the ground, as in
this deck project, use the naturally decay-
resistant all-heartwood grades, Construc-
tion Heart or Deck Heart.
4/6/ 0 1
2x4 redwood
sleeper
2x4 redwood
decking
2x4 redwood
skirtboard
Concrete
slab
Shim as needed
1 2 " overhang
2x4 redwood
decking
spaced 1 8 "
The best way to attach sleepers to the concrete slab is with a power
hammer which uses explosive charges to shoot special nails into
concrete. Power hammers are available at building supply and tool
rental centers. They are easy to use and are designed with safety
features to help prevent accidents. Follow the manufacturer’s
directions for safe operation.
2. Lay out decking The decking should be laid in place before
nailing. Random lengths of Construction Heart or Deck Heart can
be used for decking as long as butt joints meet over the sleepers. It is
good practice not to have two butt joints adjacent to each other on the
same sleeper. Install deck boards bark side up.
3. Install decking Use top quality hot-dipped galvanized,
stainless steel or aluminum nails and fasteners for exterior redwood
projects. Other types of fasteners will corrode when exposed to moisture
and will cause unsightly stains.
For 2-inch decking, use 10-penny (10d) nails or 3-inch deck
screws. Decking nails should penetrate 1 1 2 inches into the sleepers.
If you use a power drill, be careful not to overdrill the screw heads.
Nail and screw heads should be flush with the board surface.
Predrill nail holes at board ends to avoid splitting. To allow for
water drainage, deck boards should be spaced about 1 8- inch apart.
4. Skirtboards Complete the deck with 2x4 or 2x6 skirtboards,
depending on the ground clearance you have. See the finishes section
on the back panel of this brochure for guidelines to various finishing
methods and their results.
2x4 redwood skirtboard
2x4 redwood skirtboard
24" o.c.
Shim as needed to level
1 2 " overhang
Slab sloped for drainage
Concrete slab
2x4 redwood sleepers
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TOOLS AND MATERIALS
Redwood
For beauty and performance, redwood is naturally superior to
other woods. That’s why it’s the first choice for decks, fences and
most outdoor projects. Redwood retains its beauty outdoors, shrinks
and swells less than other woods and is less likely to warp, split,
check or cup. With relatively little or no pitch, redwood is easy to
drill, saw and shape. Redwood heartwood has natural durability and
resistance to insects and will last longer outdoors than most woods.
Grades
The knotty garden grades of redwood are ideal for outdoor projects.
These grades are beautiful, durable and economical.
Construction Heart/Deck Heart is all heartwood and con-
tains knots; used for load-bearing applications near the ground.
Deck Heart is graded for strength and is available in 2x4 and 2x6.
Construction Common/Deck Common contains sapwood
and knots; used for decking and above-ground uses. Deck Common
is graded for strength and is available in 2x4 and 2x6.
Merchantable Heart is all heartwood and contains larger knots
than Construction grades; used near the soil.
Merchantable contains sapwood and larger knots; used for
fence boards, rails and above-ground uses.
Tools you will need Tape measure, carpenter’s or framing
square, power hammer, level, power radial saw or hand saw,
hammer, power drill and drill bits.
Materials For One Square (100 Square Feet)
Quantity
Size
Sleepers
60 linear feet
2x4
Deck boards
326 linear feet
2x4
or Deck boards
210 linear feet
2x6
Deck screws
1 pound
3 inches
Deck nails
1 1 2 pounds
10d
Contact the California Redwood Association for more great publica-
tions containing redwood technical and building information. Call
us toll free at 1-888-Cal-Redwood for a complete literature list or to
ask for any of the titles listed here:
Finishes
Redwood accepts finishes better than most woods. Some heighten
redwood’s natural beauty, bringing out the color and the grain.
Others help the wood harmonize or contrast with surrounding
structures. Read the labels on all finish products before using.
No-finish option Redwood performs better than most woods if
left unfinished. This no-maintenance option will result in redwood
weather-bleaching to a soft driftwood gray.
Clear water repellent finish with mildewcide is recommended
to stabilize the color at tan.
Bleaching and weathering stains produce a permanent drift-
wood gray effect, a good, low-maintenance option.
Semitransparent stains in “redwood” shades tint the wood
without hiding the grain.
Solid-color stains or paints should be applied over compatible
oil-based primers.
Fasteners
Use only non-corrosive hardware such as aluminum, stainless
steel or top quality hot-dipped galvanized screws or nails.
Ordinary nails and screws will cause stains.
Other Construction Tipsheets
Also Available
Freestanding Deck
Deck Construction
Calistoga Spa Surround
Deck Grades, Nails and Finishes
Windsor Shade Shelter
Fences for All Reasons
Monterey Potting Center
Landscape Architecture
405 Enfrente Drive, Suite 200
Novato, CA 94949-7206
Telephone 415 382-0662
Toll Free 888 Cal-Redwood
Fax 415 382-8531
www.calredwood.org
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