(ebook-pdf) Learn Greek Lesson 11.pdf

(595 KB) Pobierz
§11
11
First and Second Declension Nouns
The Nominal System (Part 6)
Lesson Eleven Overview
§11.0 Introduction, 337
§11.1 First and Second Declension Noun Rules, 338
§11.2 Comprehensive Declension-Paradigm Charts, 347
§11.3 Declension-Paradigm Flow Charts, 353
§11.4 Article Paradigm Review, 356
§11.5 Review of Technical Words, 357
§11.6 Vocabulary Review, 362
Study Guide, 368
§11.0 Introduction
Charts for the Greek morphological system are a helpful method to distill a
quantity of technical information into an easier digestible visual
representation. The declensional flow charts are representative of this in
previous lessons. Nonetheless, support information is required to
understand fully an illustration and its constituent parts, which was
furnished with their respective lessons. However, this information was
spread throughout five lessons and some salient points of morphology
might have been overlooked. Therefore, the purpose of this lesson is to
condense and refine the essential information by the formulation of rules
required to understand first and second declension nouns, and summarize
fundamental morphology concerning these declensions.
Six of eight noun rules are presented in this lesson. The last two rules
pertain to third declension nouns, and therefore reserved until these nouns
are studied. The six rules pertaining to first and second declension nouns
must be digested and committed to memory, as well as the accompanying
comprehensive charts of case endings for first and second declension
nouns, related technical terms, and all vocabulary. Mastery of this
information will be in direct proportion to understanding the Greek
inflectional case system. There is no substitute or shortcut to become an
avid and fluent reader of NTGreek.
' Dr. William D. Ramey ¤ The nominal system (Part 6) InTheBeginning.org
Review
Lesson 11: Review Page 338
First and Second Declension Nouns
________________________________________________________________
§11.1 First and Second Declension Noun Rules
The first and second declension noun rules are italicized below for easier
identification. Each rule is followed with further essential information which
needs to be associated with it.
§11.1.1 Rule #1: The lexical entry. Every noun is cited under its
accented nominative singular form in a Greek-English lexicon,
accompanied with an abbreviated genitive singular to indicate its
declensional-paradigm pattern and article to specify its gender .
For example, the Greek-English lexicon entry for a first declension
feminine noun whose genitive singular is -`i is illustrated below. The
hierarchical pattern is always followed and usually in boldface type.
v#q`, `i
`i, g8
nominative singular
(definite) article
abbreviated genitive singular
If a noun begins with a vowel or diphthong, the lexicon also identifies its
aspiration with either a smooth or rough breathing mark (an initial position
rh￿ always has rough aspiration). With this crucial information, five items
about any first or second declension noun can now be determined.
§11.1.11 Stem. The stem for every first and second declension noun is
derived from its nominative singular stem to which case-number endings
are appended. In the instance of first declension feminine nouns, the stem
and nominative and vocative singular forms are identical.
n-1a
Singular
Plural
Stem
Nominative v#q`
v#q` h
v(q`
Genitive
v#q` i
v(q v } m v(q`
Dative
v#q` {
{{
v#q` hi
hi v(q`
Accusative v#q` m
v#q` i
v(q`
Vocative
v#q`
v#q` h
v(q`
' Dr. William D. Ramey ¤ The nominal system (Part 6) InTheBeginning.org
v#q`
``i
hhi
Lesson 11: Review Page 339
First and Second Declension Nouns
________________________________________________________________
n-2a
Singular
Plural
Stem
Nominative kn/fn i
kn/fn h knfn
Genitive kn/f nt
nt kn/f vm
vm knfn
Dative kn/f v{
hi knfn
Accusative
kn/fn m kn/fn ti
ti knfn
Vocative
kn/f d
kn/fn h knfn
The case-number inflected forms determine a noun￿s function,
whereas the stem carries the basic meaning of the noun. When
a stem is cited, it should not be accented.
The stem of a noun determines its declension. First declension nouns
terminate with alpha or ￿ta , second declension nouns with om￿kron , and
third declension nouns with a consonant￿always.
§11.1.12 Declensional pattern. The genitive singular determines the
inflectional pattern of a noun in its declension. Each of the three
declensions has multiple paradigms or inflectional patterns that exhibit
similar traits, but different enough to categorize it as a different paradigm.
The first declension includes eight paradigms and the second, five.
A lexicon does NOT cite the full declension or paradigm in which a noun
belongs. If so, this would make it too voluminous and awkward to handle.
However, it does not have to furnish it because nouns follow regular
inflected patterns in relation to their declension. In addition, once a noun￿s
genitive singular and gender is known, its declension can also be
determined. Ancient grammarians categorized these paradigms under
their respective declensions. Declension-paradigm notation used in this
grammar is a shorthand method of recognizing, designating, and
distinguishing between these same declension-paradigm associations.
The eight first declension paradigms are listed below followed by the five
second declension paradigms. As has been emphasized in the past
lessons, it is not necessary to memorize the noun with its inflected case-
number endings, but only the case endings associated with each
distinctive paradigm. As usual, the declension-paradigm notation will
accompany each paradigm.
' Dr. William D. Ramey ¤ The nominal system (Part 6) InTheBeginning.org
nnt
vvm
hhi
kn/fn hi
tti
Lesson 11: Review Page 340
First and Second Declension Nouns
________________________________________________________________
n-1a
Singular
Plural
Nominative v#q`
v#q` h
Genitive v#q` i
v(q v } m
Dative v#q` {
v#q` hi
Accusative
v#q` m
v#q` i
Vocative
v#q`
v#q` h
n-1b
Singular
Plural
Nominative evmg/
evm` h /
Genitive
evmg< i
evm v } m
Dative
evm g{
evm` h<i
Accusative evmg/ m
evm` &i
&&i
Vocative evmg/
evm` h /
n-1c
Singular
Plural
Nominative
cn/b`
cn/b` h
Genitive
cn/bg i
cnb v } m
Dative cn/b g{
gg{
cn/b` hi
Accusative cn/b` m
cn/b` i
Vocative
cn/b`
cn/b` h
n-1d
Singular
Plural
Nominative
md`mh/` i
md`mh/` h
Genitive md`mh/ nt
nnt
md`mh v } m
Dative
md`mh/ `{
md`mh/` hi
hhi
Accusative
md`mh/` m
md`mh/` i
Vocative md`mh/ `
md`mh/` h
' Dr. William D. Ramey ¤ The nominal system (Part 6) InTheBeginning.org
hhi
hi
h<i
h<h<i
&i
g{
hhi
hi
nt
`{
``{
hi
Lesson 11: Review Page 341
First and Second Declension Nouns
________________________________________________________________
n-1e
Singular
Plural
Nominative R`s`m`}
i
Genitive R`s`m
` }
Dative R`s`m
`{
Accusative
R`s`m`}
m
Vocative
R`s`m
` }
n-1f Singular Plural
Nominative l`pgsg/
i l`pgs`
h /
Genitive l`pgs nt
nt < l`pgs
v }
m
Dative
l`pgsg< {
{ l`pgs`
h <
i
Accusative l`pgsg/
m l`pgs`&
i
Vocative l`pgs
` &
l`pgs`
h /
n-1g
Singular
Plural
i
Genitive L`m`rrg<
Dative L`m`rrg< {{
{{
Accusative L`m`rrg<
{{{{
Vocative
L`m`rrg<
n-1h
Singular
Plural
Nominative
lm`}
lm`
h <
Genitive lm`}
i
lm
v }
m
Dative
lm`} {
{{
lm`
h <
i
Accusative
lm`}
m
lm`}
i
Vocative
lm`}
lm`
h <
' Dr. William D. Ramey ¤ The nominal system (Part 6) InTheBeginning.org
nnt
Nominative L`m`rrg<

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin