Biology for the IB Diploma Coursebook.pdf
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Biology for the IB Diploma Coursebook
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Biology
for the IB Diploma
Brenda Walpole
Ashby Merson-Davies
Leighton Dann
Course consultant:
Peter Hoeben
Cambridge University Press’s mission is to advance learning,
knowledge and research worldwide.
Our IB Diploma resources aim to:
• encourage learners to explore concepts, ideas and
topics that have local and global signiicance
• help students develop a positive attitude to learning in preparation
for higher education
• assist students in approaching complex questions, applying
critical-thinking skills and forming reasoned answers.
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,
Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521171786
© Cambridge University Press 2011
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2011
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-521-17178-6 Paperback
The publisher would like to thank the following teachers for reviewing the content:
Jennifer Clarke
Impington Village College, Impington
Sarah Jinks
St. Clare’s, Oxford
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
This material has been developed independently by the publisher and the content is in no way
connected with nor endorsed by the International Baccalaureate Organisation.
Contents
Introduction
v
6 Human health and physiology I
130
Introduction
How to use this book
130
vi
6.1 Digestion
130
1 Statistical analysis
6.2 The transport system
134
1
6.3 Defence against infectious disease
140
Introduction
1
6.4 Gas exchange
146
1.1 Mean and distribution
1
6.5 Nerves, hormones and homeostasis
149
1.2 The
t
-test
4
6.6 Reproduction
157
1.3 Correlation and cause
8
7 Nucleic acids and proteins (HL)
170
Introduction
2 Cells
12
170
Introduction
12
7.1 DNA structure
170
2.1 Cell theory
12
7.2 DNA replication
173
2.2 Prokaryotic cells
20
7.3 Transcription
175
2.3 Eukaryotic cells
22
7.4 Translation
177
2.4 Membranes
28
7.5 Proteins
182
2.5 Cell division
34
7.6 Enzymes
185
3 The chemistry of life
40
8 Cell respiration and
photosynthesis (HL)
Introduction
40
194
3.1 Chemical elements and water
40
Introduction
194
3.2 Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
42
8.1 Cell respiration
194
3.3 DNA structure
46
8.2 Photosynthesis
201
3.4 DNA replication
48
3.5 Transcription and translation
49
9 Plant science (HL)
214
3.6 Enzymes
53
Introduction
214
3.7 Cell respiration
58
9.1 Plant structure and growth
214
3.8 Photosynthesis
60
9.2 Transport in angiospermophytes
220
4 Genetics I
67
Introduction
67
4.1 Chromosomes, genes, alleles and mutation
67
4.2 Meiosis
9.3 Reproduction in angiospermophytes
228
10 Genetics II (HL)
236
Introduction
236
71
10.1 Meiosis
236
4.3 Theoretical genetics
77
10.2 Dihybrid crosses and gene linkage
240
4.4 Genetic engineering and biotechnology
87
10.3 Polygenic inheritance
248
5 Ecology and evolution
100
11 Human health and
physiology II (HL)
Introduction
100
253
5.1 Communities and ecosystems
100
Introduction
253
5.2 The greenhouse e ect
105
11.1 Defence against infectious disease
253
5.3 Populations
111
11.2 Muscles and movement
260
5.4 Evolution
113
11.3 The kidney
267
5.5 Classi cation
119
11.4 Reproduction
274
iii
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