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Growing for Dummies writen by Bart B.
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Growing for Dummies Part 1
Soft Secrets begins a new series, aimed at beginner level
growers with absolutely no previous experience. As you start
out, we’ll be there with a step by to explain not just the terms
and sayings of the growing world, but to lend a hand as you
strive towards constructing a simple growing space in your
home. A series ‘for Dummies’ then, who after they have read
all of it and have successfully trimmed their first harvest, will be
able to call themselves Soft Secrets-certified growers!
So you want to grow at home,
but don’t know where you
should begin? Begin by read-
ing! If you’re starting out for
the first time you are already
way down the path by having
discovered Soft Secrets, even if
at the moment you don’t quite
‘get’ everything that’s being
talked about here – especially
some of the technical terms
that are used. As with all other
forms of business you have
first to get yourself a theoreti-
cal foundation.
several months cruising the
forum, looking at lovely pic-
tures of buds, reading others’
experiences of growing, and
answerin g that remaining 20%
of your many questions, you’ll
be qualified to call yourself
– in theory – a fully fledged
grower. But as you all well
know, putting theory into prac-
tice is rarely as smooth as you
anticipate.
Earth
The next step is to gather your
growing things. What do we
all need if we’re going to grow
cannabis? Pots to put soil in,
which should not pose any
major problems. By soil I mean
an earth mix, of course, and in
this you have a huge range to
choose from. Cheap bags of
earth as sold in many gardening
centres will work, but can pose
many problems for the begin-
ner. The earth contains little
nutrient and is not airy enough.
Well aerated soil is important
for good development of the
roots of our cannabis plant.
By ensuring you have a well
aerated soil the plant will grow
more vigorously, be stronger,
more healthy – just better all
round. You can achieve this
by adding small, white, light
stones called perlite to your
earth, which make it airier.
So go find yourself some books
on indoor growing, check out
all the cannabis media, vid-
eos and talk to other growers
in the many cannabis forums
available on the Net. The Net
forums especially are a per-
fect place to get your knowl-
edge up to scratch. You’ll find
all levels of grower willing to
share their experience, from
rookies to pros and commer-
cial growers. They’ll do this
with pleasure, and answer your
questions really fast. This is
the great advantage of a forum
over reading a book, which
can often leave you with unan-
swered questions. These can be
asked straight away online, and
this speeds up the whole learn-
ing process.
Exhaust + filter
But you do still need to have
read a basic book on the indoor
growing process. This will
answer 80% of your questions
about growing your own can-
nabis in this way. You must
read this book as much as pos-
sible, at least three times all
the way from back to front
and front to back. Everything
you don’t understand you can
keep in mind and then ask in
a forum.
Maxlight Lamp
But why make things hard
for yourself when they can be
easy? Thanks to the many grow
shops in the UK you can simply
buy earth that was designed for
growing cannabis in from the
outset. These high-quality soil
mixes contain enough of the
right n utrients for the whole
grow cycle once you have done
a two week pre-grow. The soil
is airy too, since many have
perlite mixed in. It will cost
you a bit more but the added
value these soils offer makes
them worthwhile. Earth is very
important. Your plant sinks its
roots into it after all, so why
skimp on it? If you want to
save money, do that every-
where else but on your soil.
Better you buy cheaper seeds
than to try and raise plants
from expensive seeds sown in
cheap soil. One more disad-
vantage of using cheap soil is
that it soon gets hard and dries
out. If you really, absolutely do
not have room in your budget
to get the good stuff, then it’s
best you buy cutting compost.
This is the best quality of the
cheaper soil mixes and at once
the most expensive too.
Above all do not buy com-
post used for raising flowers or
suchlike. These composts are
made for growing specific sorts
of flowers and plants and are
usually more acidic because
that is how these plants like it.
Our cannabis plants, however,
really do not like this.
You can also come here for
additional information. After
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Now it has to be said that can-
nabis plants will pretty much
grow on anything; after all it
is and remains a weed. But try
and indulge the plant as much
as possible and she will indulge
you in return come harvest time
with a large yield. So make your
way over to the local grow shop
if you can. The biggest advan-
tage of using good quality earth
such as that from Plagron is that
you have nothing or very little
to do. So you do not need to add
extra nutrients, for example.
and that of new varieties (basi-
cally, R&D), adds to the price.
Through many years’ experience
the quality of the seed is kept
high, as with big companies such
as Sensi Seeds, and the asking
price is high as a consequence.
But the eventual price depends
on many, many factors and my
own experience is that price is
not necessarily an indicator of
quality. You can have good and
bad experiences with expensive
and cheap seeds. Even seeds
picked out of your weed can be
raised into decent plants.
Seed
General crecimiento
We have filled out pots with
earth, so what do we need now?
Well obviously, raising marihua-
na without the cannabis plants
themselves can be a little diffi-
cult. The easiest way to get hold
of some is from seeds. These can
be sold in most countries and
you can order them without any
problems. Where can you order
cannabis seeds, I hear you ask?
But we still haven’t got our seed,
so which will we plump for?
There is way too much choice,
I must say. Each variety has
its own qualities and foibles in
growing. So the good news is you
can’t really make a wrong choice.
So don’t work yourself up into a
lather choosing. But to make it
easier for you: go for an Indica
variety. Why an Indica? You have
two basic sorts of cannabis plant:
Indicas and Sativas. Indicas don’t
grow too large and have a short
bloom period, with strong, broad
stems and wide leaves.
For a start we can go back to the
Net. Many sites offer cannabis
seeds but not all of them are,
shall we say, sincere. Buy a few
from several well-known seed
merchants is my advice. My per-
sonal favourite is Gypsy Nirvana
in the UK, which you can visit
physically or order from the Net
at www.seedsdirect.to. You will
find a large selection of seeds
from nearly all the seed breeders
from around the world for good
prices. Above all the speed with
which orders are processed is
outstanding, not to mention that
their delivery is secure and safe.
The Sativas are the opposite,
with a strong growth leading to
large plants with thin leaves, and
especially during flowering, are
much bigger than the Indicas.
You also have hybrids of the
two that are primarily Indica
with a little Sativa, or they can
be mostly Sativa with a dash
of Indica in them. Both sorts
are outstanding but for a begin-
ner there is a greater chance of
success with an Indica. Sativas
can be unpredictable and dur-
ing flowering can triple in size.
Indica varieties will double their
size at most during flowering,
which is way less (especially
when space is limited). Indicas
are therefore easier to deal with
and do not hold as many sur-
prises in store, as well as having
greater resistance to stress (with
less for the grower in turn).
I can hear the next question on
your lips: what sort should I
raise? And why are some seeds
so expensive and others cheap?
The simplest way to explain this
is that it is similar to the differ-
ence between branded clothes
and unbranded. Branded cloth-
ing costs much more but is not
necessarily better. The major
part of the price you pay is going
on the brand itself, and the same
goes in the seed world, where the
well-known names command
the highest prices. It also has to
do with the image; ‘expensive’
is associated with being ‘better’.
One company sells its seeds for
more expensive prices but sells
fewer than the seed company
which sells its wares for cheaper
prices. Also, the amount of work
put into a seed’s development,
Small grow operation
Leganes
Definitely for the grower with
just a few plants in a cupboard
I recommend the Indicas. Now
I don’t want to give the impres-
sion that a Sativa is hard to raise,
but if you want to maximise you
chances of a successful harvest
you have got to go for an Indica.
You will notice that there are
a lot of these to choose from.
Everyone has a personal opinion
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as to what variety you should
go for, so choose for yourself,
as it is ultimately down to per-
sonal preference. So finally, after
much um-ing and ah-ing, you’ve
made a choice. Nice one!
of a ventilator that’s left to blow
across your plants is that they
will develop thicker and strong-
er stems, which will in turn pro-
duce a better crop later on.
Nutrition
Light
That our plants do not grow
themselves is a fact, which
means we also have to give
them food. Liquid organic nutri-
ent gets my seal approval just
as Plagron did. As I said earlier,
a good soil will have enough
nutrients in it to last the whole
grow. Only in the last weeks is
it an idea to give some supple-
mental feeding, and we do this
with liquid foodstuffs.
Our plants will not grow without
light and so we have to get a
grow-bloom lamp (a lamp that
can be used for both stages of the
bud-raising process). The lamp
will determine your eventual
harvest: the more light, the more
weight. So more light means
more weed and a larger yield.
Even with a light bulb you can
grow cannabis, but you’re better
off growing with what are known
in the trade as ‘TL-lamps’ – you
probably know them as fluores-
cent lights. In order to get a rea-
sonable yield of very good qual-
ity, then a 400w-600w sodium
lamp is needed. These lamps are
of average strength as there are
also 1000w and 2000w types, as
well as 150w and 250w.
A ventilator is a definite must to keep the air circulating
For growing indoors we only
need bloom feed. Because even
the cheapest soil has enough
nutrient in it to complete the
growth stage, as long as we
do not spend too long on the
pre-growth. Every plant food
is different, but all are based on
nitrogen, phosphorous and pot-
ash (potassium). Nitrogen and
potash are the most useful for
growth, and a phosphorous and
potash mix is the most useful
during blooming. A good bloom
feed therefore contains plenty
of phosphorus and potash, and a
small amount of nitrogen.
that happens the plant growth
is retarded and it will be less
healthy. To prevent this happen-
ing we make sure that fresh air
enters the grow room by putting
in an air extractor. This sucks
the CO 2 -depleted air and expels
it outside, causing fresh, CO 2 -
laden air to automatically flow
into the space. In other words,
you do not necessarily need a
pump to blow fresh air back into
you grow space. You can if you
wish, but it is not essential.
The 400w-600w lamp is perfect
for us as it uses relatively little
energy for the amount of canna-
bis it can produce. It is certainly
in a different league than just
switching on a regular light bulb.
There are many types of light and
don’t let yourself get fobbed-off
with anything other than a sodi-
um light. Take the cheapest and
simplest design to begin with.
Air-cooled or water-cooled vari-
eties can better be left for trying
on future crops. A 400w bulb can
deliver 200 grams of bud and a
600w one up to 300 grams. This
is an estimated yield you might
hope for as a beginner. If you
get more, then count yourself
lucky. If you’re good, usually
after a several crops, then you
might hope for 300 grams from
a 400w and 400 grams from a
600w light. Both these power
lamps can illuminate one square
meter very well and give off a
reasonable amount of heat. Bear
this in mind.
Once again, choose the special
cannabis feeds since every plant
food is different and it is best in
the beginning to stick to using
only one feed supplement. By
working straight away with can-
nabis plant food you will get
a better feel for plant nutrition
- and better future crops - than
by starting out with domestic
plant food or suchlike, and then
switching to cannabis plant food
later.
Essential: food for the plants
The added advantage of having
an air extractor is that we can
also remove the typical smell
of the cannabis plants during
blooming, and to make sure that
this does not attract attention
outside we use a carbon filter on
the extractor to remove the smell.
Every extractor has a carbon fil-
ter that fits it precisely. A carbon
filter is a great big tube filled
with carbon. So-called active
carbon has the quality of absorb-
ing the chemicals that cause
odours and neutralising them.
That a carbon filter will not last
an age should be obvious. Once
full, they allow the odours to
roam free once more. A carbon
filter generally does about five
harvests, so lasts about a year
before needing replacement.
you’re just starting out, but just
try without one and see what
kind of problems you get. If
you survive being found out by
the smell from your plantation,
your yield from the plants will
still remain low thanks to the
low CO 2 in the air.
To ensure the fresh air that is
sucked in is evenly dispersed
through your growing space
we will also need one or more
ventilators to provide good air
circulation. By keeping the air
in circulation and constantly
mixing with itself, the ventila-
tor ensures that temperature and
air moisture as well as CO 2 are
evenly spread throughout the
space. Without a ventilator, one
side of your space may be 25
degrees, and the other side 20
degrees. The heat that comes
from the lamps, thanks to the
ventilator, is spread throughout
the space creating an even tem-
perature. An additional benefit
So now we have covered the
most important issues: good
soil, light, seed, ventilation and
air circulation. This is all we
need, or all that we have to
worry about, to grow good can-
nabis. It is not so much and not
very hard. The only drawback
is the capital outlay for your
equipment – an investment of
about 500 euros. Not so expen-
sive, but not exactly cheap either
The lamp in particular and the
vacuum extractor account for
the main part of it.
Via this insight we arrive at
our next purchase: a suction
pump with an active carbon
filter. Cannabis plants need
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order
to grow, which they take out
of the air around them. If you
do not allow fresh supplies of
air to the room they are grow-
ing in, then sooner or later they
are going to use it all up. Once
A good extractor with decent
carbon filters is something you
really cannot afford to be with-
out if you want to grow can-
nabis. It will be one of the
more expensive purchases if
Still want to grow your own
cannabis? Stay tuned.
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Growing for Dummies Part 2
Readers who have already got their hands on the previous issue
may already have read what I consider to be the essentials you
need to begin growing cannabis. The first step towards setting
to work growing is therefore getting your hands on these
essentials. Take your time in looking around, compare prices at
various shops on a range of products, composts, seeds, lamps,
and suchlike, before slapping down your wad. Each in its own
time, and make the right choice for yourself. A respectable
grow shop will not try and shove endless potions and gizmos
on you if it’s your first growing experience, so make sure you
advise them of your position.
In this issue we will be looking
a little deeper into general terms
used in growing with some
explanation of words and phras-
es from the growing world.
Why just 12 hours? Because
the plant needs light in order
to develop its buds and make
its THC. The more light, the
more bud growth and THC pro-
duction. The perfect boundary
therefore is 12 hours, so that
the plant can bloom well, while
developing a good, THC-rich
bud with a decent yield as it
does so.
Growing and Blooming
Here you can see clearly the THC crystals on a bud. Pressed
THC crystals are the ingredient for hashish.
The growth of a cannabis plant
depends on the number of hours
of light it gets each day. The
more hours light, the stronger
the plant will grow. The most-
used light period in cannabis
growing is 18 hours light per
day and 6 hours night. This
corresponds to the 21st June,
the longest day of the year, and
a sunny one at that. We kid the
plant that it is the always the
most lovely and longest day of
the year.
Now I can hear you thinking:
‘then I’ll just give the plant
even more light!’ But this will
simply prolong the blooming
period without adding anything
to the size or potency of your
crop. The length of the bloom-
ing period is dependent on the
plant variety and can be any-
where between 5-16 weeks. The
most common varieties though
all bloom after 8-10 weeks.
But you can just as well give
your plants 19 hours, 20 hours
- right up to 24 hours light
per day. With a 24-hour light
period your lamps are burning
continuously, of course. But if
you give the plants less than
18 hours light you increase the
chance that the plant will start
to bloom. Some varieties bloom
when given 15-16 hours light.
Difference between male
and female cannabis plants
and hermaphrodites
This is how you can see them, using a magnifier. The more
glistering the bud, the better the quality.
then banana-shaped pieces
become visible. Out of these
comes pollen that can fertilise
your female plants.
In this way you can determine at
quite an early stage of blooming
which are the males and remove
them to leave more room and
resources for the females to
develop. Hermaphrodites are
double-sexed plants, having
both male and female character-
istics. Within this sort we have
various types. Some hermaph-
rodites are 90% male and 10%
female, others are 90% female
and 10% male, or 50% male-
female. In the case of those that
are 90% female hermaphrodites,
we can still simply remove the
male flowers and in this way
still develop harvestable, unfer-
tilised - and therefore seedless
- buds. The pollen these her-
maphrodites produce will for
the most part produce female
seeds.
The female cannabis plant is
very easy to recognise from her
production of little white hairs.
The first white hairs are found
in the ‘armpits’ of the plant,
where two of them spring from
one pistil. The pistil is the place
on the plant where the leaf
is attached to the main stem
and from where a side branch
sprouts.
At the very beginning of
blooming, the male balls and
the female pistils look similar
because they are only a milli-
metre or so big, but by looking
carefully you will be able to
see that a male ball grows away
from the main stem, hangs on
a thread and multiplies itself
to form several balls. A female
pistil stays firmly close to the
main stem until, at a particular
moment once it is large enough,
the two white hairs emerge. So
if you see in one pistil two
balls growing then the chance
is already large that you are
looking at a male specimen.
Whenever we talk about
“putting the plant into bloom”
we are referring to the prac-
tice of putting the lamps on
a timer set for 12 hours light
and 12 hours night. This is the
optimal period for blooming. If
you give her more hours dark,
then the plant will come in to
bloom more quickly, but the
yield will be less, because you
have convinced her that winter
is just around the corner. This
is sometimes worth doing at the
end of your bloom period to tip
the plants into a ‘harvest-ready’
state a little earlier.
The male plant, by contrast,
makes no white hairs and is
therefore easy to tell from the
female plant. The male plant
has little balls that always
appear in groups that hang off
the plant by a thread. When
these balls pop open after a
lengthy period of blooming,
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