Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography Guidelines for the Procedure and Atlas of Normal Ultrasound Anatomy - Gerda van Wezel-Meijler.pdf

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Gerda van Wezel-Meijler
Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography
Gerda van Wezel-Meijler
Neonatal Cranial
Ultrasonography
Guidelines for the Procedure and Atlas
of Normal Ultrasound Anatomy
With 121 Figures and 1 Table
123
G. van Wezel-Meijler, MD, PhD, pediatrician-neonatologist
Department of Pediatrics, subdivision of Neonatology
Leiden University Medical Centre, J6-S
PO Box 9600
2300 RC Leiden
E-mail: G.van_Wezel-Meijler@lumc.nl
Illustrations by:
Lise Plamondon, research nurse and medical illustrator
Pavillon Desmarais # 2224
Department of Physiology (Medicine)
University of Montreal
C.P. 6128, Succ. C.V.
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H3C 3J7
E-mail: Lise.Plamondon@Umontreal.ca
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007921693
ISBN 978-3-540-69906-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, wether the whole or part of the material
is concerned, speciically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broad-casting, reproduction on microilm or any other way, and storage in data banks. Dupli-
cation of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German
Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in it current version, and permission for use must always be
obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media
springer.com
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007
he use of general descriptive names, registed names, trademarks etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a speciic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Product liability: he publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage
and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such infor-
mation by consulting the relevant literature.
Editor: Dr. Ute Heilmann, Heidelberg, Germany
Desk Editor: Meike Stoeck, Heidelberg, Germany
Typesetting and Production: LE-T E X Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig, Germany
Cover Design: eStudio, Calamar, Spain
Printed on acid free paper SPIN 11749400 21/3180/YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII
Part I he Cranial Ultrasound Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Cranial Ultrasonography: Advantages and Aims . . . . 3
1.1 Advantages of Cranial Ultrasonography . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Aims of Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography . . . . . . . . 4
2 Cranial Ultrasonography: Technical Aspects . . . . . . . . 9
2.1 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.1 Ultrasound Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2 Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 Sonographer and Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 Performing Cranial Ultrasound Examinations . . . . . 17
3.1 Standard Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.1 Coronal Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.2 Sagittal Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 Supplemental Acoustic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2.1 Posterior Fontanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2.2 Temporal Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2.3 Mastoid Fontanels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.3 Doppler Flow Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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