GPU Programming Guide.pdf

Version 2.5.0

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H ISTORY OF M AJOR R EVISIONS

Version Date

Changes

2.5.0

03/01/2006 Updated Performance Tools and PerfHUD-

related sections

2.4.0

07/08/2005 Updated cover

Added GeForce 7 Series content

2.3.0

02/08/2005 Added 2D & Video Programming chapter

Added more SLI information

2.2.1

11/23/2004 Minor formatting improvements

2.2.0

11/16/2004 Added normal map format advice

Added ps_3_0 performance advice

Added General Advice chapter

2.1.0

07/20/2004 Added Stereoscopic Development chapter

2.0.4

07/15/2004 Updated MRT section

NVIDIA GPU Programming Guide

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. About This Document ..................................................................9

1.1. Introduction ..............................................................................9

Chapter 2. How to Optimize Your Application ............................................11

2.1. Making Accurate Measurements ................................................ 11

2.2. Finding the Bottleneck.............................................................. 12

2.2.1. Understanding Bottlenecks 12

2.2.2. Basic Tests 13

2.2.3. Using PerfHUD 14

2.3. Bottleneck: CPU ....................................................................... 14

2.4. Bottleneck: GPU....................................................................... 15

Chapter 3. General GPU Performance Tips .................................................17

3.1.

List of Tips .............................................................................. 17

3.2.

Batching.................................................................................. 19

3.2.1.

Use Fewer Batches

3.3.

Vertex Shader.......................................................................... 19

3.3.1.

Use Indexed Primitive Calls

3.4.

Shaders .................................................................................. 20

3.4.1.

Choose the Lowest Pixel Shader Version That Works

3.4.2.

Compile Pixel Shaders Using the ps_2_a Profile

3.4.3.

Choose the Lowest Data Precision That Works

3.4.4.

Save Computations by Using Algebra

3.4.5.

Don’t Pack Vector Values into Scalar Components of Multiple

Interpolants

3.4.6.

Don’t Write Overly Generic Library Functions

3.4.7.

Don’t Compute the Length of Normalized Vectors

3.4.8.

Fold Uniform Constant Expressions

3.4.9.

Don’t Use Uniform Parameters for Constants That Won’t Change

Over the Life of a Pixel Shader

3.4.10.

Balance the Vertex and Pixel Shaders

3.4.11.

Push Linearizable Calculations to the Vertex Shader If You’re Bound

by the Pixel Shader

3.4.12.

Use the mul() Standard Library Function

3.4.13. Use D3DTADDRESS_CLAMP (or GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE ) Instead of

saturate() for Dependent Texture Coordinates 26

3.4.14. Use Lower-Numbered Interpolants First 26

3.5. Texturing ................................................................................ 26

3.5.1. Use Mipmapping 26

3.5.2. Use Trilinear and Anisotropic Filtering Prudently 26

3.5.3. Replace Complex Functions with Texture Lookups 27

3.6. Performance............................................................................ 29

3.6.1. Double-Speed Z-Only and Stencil Rendering 29

3.6.2. Early-Z Optimization 29

3.6.3. Lay Down Depth First 30

3.6.4. Allocating Memory 30

3.7. Antialiasing.............................................................................. 31

Chapter 4. GeForce 6 & 7 Series Programming Tips ...................................33

4.1.

Shader Model 3.0 Support ........................................................ 33

4.1.1.

Pixel Shader 3.0

4.1.2.

Vertex Shader 3.0

4.1.3.

Dynamic Branching

4.1.4.

Easier Code Maintenance

4.1.5.

Instancing

4.1.6.

Summary

4.2.

GeForce 7 Series Features ........................................................ 37

4.3.

Transparency Antialiasing ......................................................... 37

4.4.

sRGB Encoding ........................................................................ 38

NVIDIA GPU Programming Guide

4.5. Separate Alpha Blending........................................................... 38

4.6. Supported Texture Formats ...................................................... 39

4.7. Floating-Point Textures............................................................. 40

4.7.1. Limitations 40

4.8. Multiple Render Targets (MRTs) ................................................ 40

4.9. Vertex Texturing ...................................................................... 42

4.10. General Performance Advice ..................................................... 42

4.11. Normal Maps ........................................................................... 43

Chapter 5. GeForce FX Programming Tips ..................................................45

5.1. Vertex Shaders ........................................................................ 45

5.2. Pixel Shader Length ................................................................. 45

5.3. DirectX-Specific Pixel Shaders ................................................... 46

5.4. OpenGL-Specific Pixel Shaders .................................................. 46

5.5. Using 16-Bit Floating-Point........................................................ 47

5.6. Supported Texture Formats ...................................................... 48

5.7. Using ps_2_x and ps_2_a in DirectX ....................................... 49

5.8. Using Floating-Point Render Targets .......................................... 49

5.9. Normal Maps ........................................................................... 49

5.10. Newer Chips and Architectures.................................................. 50

5.11. Summary ................................................................................ 50

Chapter 6. General Advice...........................................................................51

6.1. Identifying GPUs ...................................................................... 51

6.2. Hardware Shadow Maps ........................................................... 52

Chapter 7. 2D and Video Programming.......................................................55

7.1. OpenGL Performance Tips for Video .......................................... 55

7.1.1. POT with and without Mipmaps 56

7.1.2. NP2 with Mipmaps 56

7.1.3. NP2 without Mipmaps (Recommended) 57

7.1.4. Texture Performance with Pixel Buffer Objects (PBOs) 57

Chapter 8. NVIDIA SLI and Multi-GPU Performance Tips...........................59

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