127.pdf

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

Read the text and do the exercises below. Przeczytaj tekst i wykonaj ćwiczenia

poniżej.

1. Read the text and put the words in brackets in the correct forms.

Przeczytaj tekst i wstaw wyrazy w nawiasach we właściwych formach.

The animal kingdom is a wild place where animals have to be clever in order to survive. One

of the most amazing techniques for 1ÈÈÈÈÈ..(survive) is animal camouflage. Animals

have the 2ÈÈÈÈÈÈ(able) to mimic plants, ground cover, or even other animals in order

to hide or hunt. The following is a list of some animals that are 3ÈÈÈÈÈÈ(particular)

gifted in the art of invisibility.

1. Chameleons

Contrary to popular belief, chameleons only change colour when in danger. Their everyday

skin colour, a light khaki, keeps them 4ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ.(hide) from enemies during those

not-so-dangerous times. Nearly half the world's chameleon species live in Madagascar, but

they're also found in Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe.

2. Leopards

Whether their coats are spotted (useful for hiding in sunny areas in Africa) or black (perfect

for night time or in shadows), these elegant and deadly cats are born with 5ÈÈÈÈÈÈ

(fashion) camouflage. Rabbits, young buffalo, and monkeys don't stand a chance when

a hidden leopard makes a surprise attack.

3. Turtles

If you're a fish, youÓd better look twice before resting near that big rock . . . it could be

a turtle. There are hundreds of species of turtles and tortoises that use camouflage to trick

their prey and hide from large animals like alligators. Sadly, camouflage can't protect turtles

from the hunterÓs fishnet.

4. Bark Bugs

For most bugs, birds are the bad guys. For bark bugs, which hang out on trees around the

world, this is 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ(special) true. In order to hide in the middle of nature's

birdhouses, bark bugs appear to be part of the tree itself.

5. Leaf Butterflies

Complete with fake leaf structure, fake leaf veins, and perfect dead-leaf colouring, leaf

butterflies have the masters of camouflage. Birds pass them by without a second glance since

these insects from southeast Asia look more like dead leaves than butterflies.

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

6. Dragon Lizards

Spiders, snakes, birds, and even other lizards all want a piece of the dragon lizard, so they

have some of the most 7ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ(effect) camouflage around. Not only do dragon

lizards look nearly 8ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ(vision) when hanging out on a tree branch, they keep

9ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ(ordinary) still, knowing that their predators react to the smallest

movements. It doesn't make an 10ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ.(excite) life, but at least they live to tell

about it.

2. Read the text again and answer the questions. Przeczytaj ponownie tekst

i odpowiedz na pytania.

A. Chameleons

B. Leopards

C. Turtles

D. Bark Bugs

E. Leaf Butterflies

F. Dragon Lizards

Which animalsÈ:

1. Èare found in two colours? ÈÈÈ

2. Èchange colour only when in danger? ÈÈÈ

3. ÈdonÓt move? ÈÈÈ

4. Èhas hundred species that use camouflage? ÈÈÈ

5. Èhave the most effective camouflage? ÈÈÈ

6. Èhide from birds? ÈÈÈ ÈÈÈ

7. Èlive in south-eastern Asia ÈÈÈ

8. Èlive mostly on an island? ÈÈÈ

9. Èlive on the tree trunks? ÈÈÈ

10. Èlook like leaves? ÈÈÈ

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

II.

Relative clauses

There are two types of relative clauses:

Defining Î give necessary information that is essential to understand the main clause

Non-defining Î give additional information that is not necessary to understand the sense

Commas Î defining clauses are written without commas: This is the man who saw you

- non-defining clauses are written with commas: This is Tom, who works here

Commas can change the meaning:

He has three children , who are still at school = he has only 3 children

He has three children who are still at school = he has more than three children

Which - refers to things and events: This is the house which we saw in the catalogue

If which is not preceded by a comma, it refers to the noun standing before it:

This is the car which he wanted to buy = He wanted to buy the car

If which is preceded by a comma , it refers to the whole clause standing before it:

They bought a car , which was a good idea = the fact that they bought a car was a good idea

Note: Tom came to the party. It surprised everybody.

Tom came to the party, which surprised everybody (=the fact that he came was surprising)

not:

Tom came to the party, which surprised everybody (= the party was a surprise)

Whose Î expresses possession for both people and things:

This is a man. His daughter is a doctor ã This is the man, whose daughter is a doctor

This is a table. Its legs are broken ã This is the table whose legs are broken

Relative pronouns are often used in prepositional phrases

I have two/three brothers. They are doctors.

I have two/three brothers, BOTH/ALL OF WHOM are doctors

I have two/three brothers. They are not doctors.

I have two/three brothers, NEITHER/NONE OF WHOM are doctors

In formal language prepositions go before relative pronouns. In informal they go to the end of

the clause:

This is a book. I told you about it.

Formal: This is the book about which I told you

Informal: This is the book which I told you about

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

1. Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Połącz zdania.

1. This is the house. Dickens lived here

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

2. She bought new shoes. She wore them at the wedding

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

3. ThatÓs the man. He played cards last night

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

4. This is the clock. I bought it in a supermarket

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

5. My sister has a son. His name is David

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

6. This is the hotel. It was built in 1879

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

7. This is Jane. I work with her

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

8. The letter arrived today. She sent it on Monday

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

9. IÓm reading Pride and Prejudice . It was written by Jane Austin

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

10. This is a photo of Tom. I met him last summer

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ..

2. Rewrite the sentences using the word in the bold. Przekształć zdania

stosując podany wyraz.

1. The accident was seen by many people. Many of them were crying

whom

The accident ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

2. We went to a very famous museum

which

The museum ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

3. She had many umbrellas. Three of them were very colourful

which

She had ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

4. Sarah was a very strict teacher. It was an advantage for the students

which

Sarah was ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

5. I bought a new house. Its garden is full of roses

whose

I bought ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!

Key

1. survival

2. ability

3. particularly

4. hidden

5. fashionable

6. especially

7. effective

8. invisible

9. extraordinarily

10. exciting

1. B

2. A

3. F

4. B

5. F

6. C D

7. D

8. A

9. C

10. D

1. This is the house which Dickens lived in / in which Dickens lived / where Dickens

lived

2. She bought new shoes which she wore at the wedding

3. That is the man who played cards last night

4. This is the clock which I bought in a supermarket

5. My sister has a son whose name is David

6. This is the hotel which was built in 1879

7. This is Jane, who I work with / with whom I work

8. The letter which I sent on Monday arrived today

9. IÓm reading Pride and Prejudice , which was written by Jane Austin

10. This is a photo of Tom, who(m) I met last summer

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