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5-minute Japanese Class by Hitomi Hirayama
In front of the station the other day, I saw a guide dog (
m
-
d
-
ken
)
and its trainer participating in a fund-raiser to promote a guide
dog foundation. I like dogs, so I donated some money and said
to the sitting guide dog, "
-
ko
ne
," but the dog did not react. But
when the trainer said, "Good boy," the dog wagged its tail
gladly. Why didn't the guide dog understand my Japanese?
It doesn't mean "your" Japanese didn't make sense, Pole-san. The guide dog simply didn't understand Japanese. In Japan, there are a
lot of training centers that train guide dogs in the imperative form of English. That's because the Japanese language has many different
expressions for the words, depending on the differences in gender or age. There are also honorifics and dialects. For example, there are
various imperative expressions such as "
dame
,"
"
me
,"
"
akan
,"
"
iken
," etc. that mean "no," but would completely confuse the guide dogs.
That's why they use English when training, because the dogs can more easily understand simple words like "No"-the expression is the
same no matter who says it. For today's lesson, I will introduce a variety of Japanese as well as some of the usages of the imperative form.
Dialect
Imperatives
方言
h
-
gen
There are lots of dialects in Japan.
よ
I will introduce some examples.
Imperatives used in daily conversation → Imperative form +
yo
Standard
Ky
-
to ben
-
saka ben
Hakata
ben
Okinawa
ben
A man uses this form for his children and wife, and boys begin to use it among friends as
they grow up. It is not polite, and must not be used toward someone older
than you or in a working environment.
e.g.,
Fathers say to their children,"Study more."→「もっと勉強しろよ」
Kyoto
dialect
Osaka
dialect
Hakata
dialect
Okinawa
dialect
motto benkyo
-
shiroyo
おいしい
おいしい
oish
-
うまい
umai
うまかあ
umak
-
まーさん
m
-
san
delicious
oish
-
[Exercise] Give the imperative expression in Japanese.
1 ) A women takes a lot of time to prepare for a night out.→Her husband says, "Hurry!"
2 ) A couple have a fight and the girl is about to leave.→The boyfriend says, "Wait!"
3 ) Your friend playfully taps your head many times.→You say, "Stop it!"
4 ) A father wakes up his child in the morning.→"It's time to get up! Wake up!"
I like
好きです
suki desu
好きや
suki ya
好きやねん
suki yanen
すいとぉー
suit
-
しちゅっさー
shichuss
-
いいですね
-
desu ne
よろしいなあ
yoros
-
n
-
ええですね
-
desu ne
ゆたさんやいびーんね
Answers:
1)
hayaku shiroyo
2)
mateyo
3)
yameroyo
4)
jikandazo okiroyo
よかですね
yoka desu ne
It's good.
yutasanyaib
-
nne
って
She / He said to me "
" = Imperative form
+
tte
Sentence-ending particle
This form is used when you explain to someone what another person said.
"
Tte
"
is a casual form for
"
to
"
-the particle, which is used as quotation mark or
"
that
"
in
"
He said that ~.
"
The subject and verb
in the main caluse are often omitted.
Japanese sentences can sound masculine or feminine, depending on
the sentence-ending particle. Keep in mind the masculine/feminine
particles are at times used interchangeably among men and women.
Listen to the Japanese around you talk to learn more.
e.g.,
He told me to come.→「来いって」
koitte
[Exercise] Interpret underlined sentences into Japanese.
Giving information I wonder ~?
Requesting
Paul went to the hospital and had a checkup.
Friend
:What did the doctor say?
Paul
:
The doctor told me to quit smoking.
Friend
:And what else?
Paul
:
He told me to excercise more.
Friend
:That's all?
Paul
:
He told me to cut back on
sake
and sweets.
Friend
:Is that all?
Paul
:
He told me to take my medicine every day.
Then he said, if you can't do all of this on your own,
check yourself into a hospital.
agreement
①
Masculine
ぞ
だろ
?
かな
?
②
zo
daro?
kana?
③
Feminine
わよ
でしょ
?
かしら
?
wayo
desho?
kashira?
④
⑤
e.g.,
I wonder when...
いつかしら? いつかな?
itsu kashira? itsu kana?
Answers:
①
tabacco
o yamerotte
②
motto und
-
shirotte
③
osake to amaimono o hikaerotte
④
mainichi kusuri o nomette
⑤
ny
-
in shirotte
(Feminine)
(Masculine)
Copyright 2009 The Yomiuri Shimbun
Plik z chomika:
MusashiMiyamoto
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