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A History of Modern Germany 1800–2000
A History of Modern Germany 1800–2000
For Lars, Marie-Isabel, Paula, and Philip-David
A History of Modern Germany
1800–2000
Martin Kitchen
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© 2006 by Martin Kitchen
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
The right of Martin Kitchen to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in
accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior
permission of the publisher.
First published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1 2006
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kitchen, Martin.
A history of modern Germany, 1800–2000 / Martin Kitchen.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0040-3 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-0040-0 (alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0041-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-0041-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Germany—History—1789–1900. 2. Germany—History—20th century. I. Title.
DD203.K58 2006
943.08—dc22
2005006165
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
Set in 10 on 13 pt Sabon
by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd, Hong Kong
Printed and bound in India
by Replika Press
The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy,
and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free
practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met
acceptable environmental accreditation standards.
For further information on
Blackwell Publishing, visit our website:
www.blackwellpublishing.com
Contents
List of Plates
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Maps
xii
Introduction
1
1 Germany Under Napoleon
9
The Age of Reform
14
The War of Liberation
24
2 German Society in Transition: 1800–70
29
Town and Country
36
The Industrial Revolution
39
The Emergence of a Class Society
43
The Jewish Community
47
3 Restoration and Reform: 1815–40
50
Student Radicalism
52
Germany Under Metternich
55
Nationalism
57
Constitutional Developments
59
The Zollverein
60
The Congress System
62
The Revolutionary Movements
63
4 The Revolutions of 1848
71
The Frankfurt Parliament
77
The Constitutional Question
86
5 The Struggle for Mastery: 1850–66
90
The Crimean War
92
The Italian Question
93
The “New Era” in Prussia
95
v
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