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Adaptive Server ® Anywhere
SQL Reference
Part number: 38129-01-0900-01
Last modified: June 2003
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ii
Contents
About This Manual xi
SQL Anywhere Studio documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Documentation conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
The Adaptive Server Anywhere sample database . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Finding out more and providing feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
I SQL
1
1 SQL Language Elements 3
Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Search conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Special values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
NULL value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2 SQL Data Types 51
Character data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Numeric data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Money data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
BIT data type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Date and time data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Binary data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Data type conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Year 2000 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3 SQL Functions 83
Function types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Alphabetical list of functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4 SQL Statements 213
Using the SQL statement reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
iii
ALTER DATABASE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
ALTER DBSPACE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
ALTER EVENT statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
ALTER FUNCTION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
ALTER INDEX statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
ALTER PROCEDURE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
ALTER PUBLICATION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
ALTER REMOTE MESSAGE TYPE statement [SQL Remote] . . . . 240
ALTER SERVER statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
ALTER SERVICE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
ALTER SYNCHRONIZATION SUBSCRIPTION statement [MobiLink] 246
ALTER SYNCHRONIZATION USER statement [MobiLink] . . . . . . 248
ALTER TABLE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
ALTER TRIGGER statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
ALTER VIEW statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
ALTER WRITEFILE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
BACKUP statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
BEGIN statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
BEGIN TRANSACTION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
CALL statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
CASE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
CHECKPOINT statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
CLEAR statement [Interactive SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
CLOSE statement [ESQL] [SP] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
COMMENT statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
COMMIT statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
CONFIGURE statement [Interactive SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
CONNECT statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
CREATE COMPRESSED DATABASE statement . . . . . . . . . . . 290
CREATE DATABASE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
CREATE DBSPACE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
CREATE DECRYPTED FILE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
CREATE DOMAIN statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
CREATE ENCRYPTED FILE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
CREATE EVENT statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
CREATE EXISTING TABLE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
CREATE EXTERNLOGIN statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
CREATE FUNCTION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
CREATE INDEX statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
CREATE MESSAGE statement [T-SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
CREATE PROCEDURE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
CREATE PROCEDURE statement [T-SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
CREATE PUBLICATION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
iv
CREATE REMOTE MESSAGE TYPE statement [SQL Remote] . . . 337
CREATE SCHEMA statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
CREATE SERVER statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
CREATE SERVICE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
CREATE STATISTICS statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION statement [SQL Remote] . . . . . . . . . 347
CREATE SYNCHRONIZATION SUBSCRIPTION statement [MobiLink] 349
CREATE SYNCHRONIZATION USER statement [MobiLink] . . . . . 351
CREATE TABLE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
CREATE TRIGGER statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
CREATE TRIGGER statement [SQL Remote] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
CREATE TRIGGER statement [T-SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
CREATE VARIABLE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
CREATE VIEW statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
CREATE WRITEFILE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
DEALLOCATE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR statement [ESQL] . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Declaration section [ESQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
DECLARE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
DECLARE CURSOR statement [ESQL] [SP] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
DECLARE CURSOR statement [T-SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE statement . . . . . . . . . 397
DELETE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
DELETE (positioned) statement [ESQL] [SP] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
DESCRIBE statement [ESQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
DISCONNECT statement [ESQL] [Interactive SQL] . . . . . . . . . . 407
DROP statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
DROP DATABASE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
DROP CONNECTION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
DROP EXTERNLOGIN statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
DROP PUBLICATION statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
DROP REMOTE MESSAGE TYPE statement [SQL Remote] . . . . 414
DROP SERVER statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
DROP SERVICE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
DROP STATEMENT statement [ESQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
DROP STATISTICS statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
DROP SUBSCRIPTION statement [SQL Remote] . . . . . . . . . . . 419
DROP SYNCHRONIZATION SUBSCRIPTION statement [MobiLink] 420
DROP SYNCHRONIZATION USER statement [MobiLink] . . . . . . 421
DROP VARIABLE statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
EXCEPT operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
EXECUTE statement [ESQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
EXECUTE statement [T-SQL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
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