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Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
An imprint of Elsevier Limited
© Elsevier Limited 2008. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the Publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences
Rights Department, 1600 John F Kennedy Boulevard, Suite 1800, Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899, USA:
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1) 215 239 3804; fax: (
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First published 2002
Second edition 2008
ISBN: 978 0 7020 2858 8
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this fi eld are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary
or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on
procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the
recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications.
It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the
patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual
patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the
Publisher nor the Authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or
property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
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Contributors
Macdonald Christie
Royal North Shore Hospital
The University of Sydney
Sydney, NSW, Australia
Sonya G Gordon
Department of Small Animal Clinical Science
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Science
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas, USA
David B Church
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
The Royal Veterinary College
North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
Amy M Grooters
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
Michael J Day
School of Clinical Veterinary Science
University of Bristol
Langford, Bristol, UK
Grant Guilford
Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical
Sciences
Massey University
Palmerston North, New Zealand
Jane M Dobson
Department of Veterinary Medicine
University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK
Richard Hammond
Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia
Head of the Division of Surgery
School of Veterinary Medicine and Science
University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington,
Leicestershire, UK
Timothy M Dyke
Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines
Authority
Kingston, ACT, Australia
Jonathan Elliott
The Royal Veterinary College
London, UK
Peter D Hanson
Merial Limited
Duluth, Georgia, USA
Ann E Hohenhaus
The Animal Medical Center
New York, USA
Alain Fontbonne
Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort
Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France
Boyd Jones
Veterinary Sciences Centre
School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary
Medicine
University College Dublin
Belfi eld, Dublin, Ireland
Sandra Forsyth
Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical
Sciences
Massey University
Palmerston North, New Zealand
Alexander J German
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
University of Liverpool Small Animal Hospital
Liverpool, UK
Mark D Kittleson
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, USA
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CONTRIBUTORS
Matthias J Kleinz
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences
The Royal Veterinary College
London, UK
Anne E Peaston
The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Kersti Seksel
Seaforth Veterinary Hospital
Seaforth, NSW, Australia
Richard A LeCouteur
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, USA
Ian Spence
Discipline of Pharmacology
School of Medical Sciences
The University of Sydney
Sydney, NSW, Australia
Jill E Maddison
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
The Royal Veterinary College
North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
Robin G Stanley
Animal Eye Care
Malvern East, Victoria, Australia
Carmel T Mooney
University Veterinary Hospital
School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary
Medicine
University College Dublin
Belfi eld, Dublin, Ireland
Joseph Taboada
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
Ralf S Mueller
Medizinische Kleintierklinik
Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Germany
Philip G A Thomas
Queensland Veterinary Specialists
Stafford Heights, Queensland, Australia
Anthony Nicholson
The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
Karen M Vernau
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California, Davis
Davis, California, USA
Philip Padrid
Chicago, Illinois, USA
A David J Watson
Glebe, NSW, Australia
Stephen W Page
Advanced Veterinary Therapeutics
Berry, NSW, Australia
Patricia Pawson
Veterinary Clinical Services Unit
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Glasgow
Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Preface
The philosophy and rationale behind the fi rst edition of
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology developed out of
my experience, as a small animal internal medicine clini-
cian, of teaching pharmacology to undergraduates and
subsequently to practitioners. It became clear as I strove
to develop a course that would encourage understand-
ing, facilitate deep learning and above all foster student
interest and enthusiasm, that pharmacology cannot be
taught in isolation from physiology, pathology or clini-
cal medicine otherwise it becomes just a bewildering
blur of drug names and doses. The same philosophy and
rationale has informed the second edition.
A fundamental understanding of clinical pharmacol-
ogy is essential for good clinicians. Certainly our clinical
mentors impressed upon us the importance of under-
standing the clinical application, mechanism of action
and potential side effects of any drug we prescribed.
Similarly, knowledge of the pharmacological action of
drugs is meaningless unless one also has a basic under-
standing of the relevant physiology and pathophysiol-
ogy of the system or tissue adversely affecting the health
or welfare of the patient. Hence our undergraduate and
continuing education courses in clinical pharmacology
evolved over many years to meet these needs culminat-
ing in the particular and perhaps unique approach and
format of Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology .
The aim of the 2 nd edition expands that of the 1 st – to
provide up to date drug information that is practical
and relevant to students and practitioners, and suffi -
ciently comprehensive to increase the reader’s under-
standing of clinical pharmacology without being
prescriptive. It is not intended to be a therapeutics or
“how to treat” textbook – the drugs, not diseases, are
the “stars”. Nor is it intended to be a complete phar-
macological reference book. The authors of the chapters
are all recognized specialists in their fi eld. They have an
intimate understanding of how and why drugs are used
in their area of clinical specialty and the clinical phar-
macological features of the drugs that are relevant to
the practicing clinician.
I am indebted to my co-editors, Stephen Page and
David Church, who have brought skills to the editing
process that have immeasurably enhanced the depth,
breadth and quality of Small Animal Clinical Pharma-
cology . They both have expertise that far exceeds my
own in many areas of basic and clinical pharmacology
even if their interpretation of the meaning of the word
“deadline” is somewhat looser than mine and our
publishers.
The support and patience of the staff at Elsevier, in
particular Joyce Rodenhuis, Rita Demetriou-Swanwick,
and Kerrie-Anne Jarvis, have been superb and we extend
to them our deepest thanks and appreciation.
I hope that practitioners and veterinary students fi nd
the second edition of Small Animal Clinical Pharmacol-
ogy an invaluable addition to the resources they access
to increase and deepen their knowledge and understand-
ing of drugs used in veterinary practice.
Jill Maddison
Senior Editor
London, 2007
viii
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Dedication
To Tom, Rosalind and Jimmy, who are working on the music for the feature fi lm.
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