Studies in the Psychology of Sex V.pdf

STUDIES IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SEX, VOLUME V

Erotic Symbolism

The Mechanism of Detumescence

The Psychic State in Pregnancy

HAVELOCK ELLIS

1927

PREFACE.

In this volume the terminal phenomena of the sexual process are discussed,

before an attempt is finally made, in the concluding volume, to consider

the bearings of the psychology of sex on that part of morals which may be

called "social hygiene."

Under "Erotic Symbolism" I include practically all the aberrations of the

sexual instinct, although some of these have seemed of sufficient

importance for separate discussion in previous volumes. It is highly

probable that many readers will consider that the name scarcely suffices

to cover manifestations so numerous and so varied. The term "sexual

equivalents" will seem preferable to some. While, however, it may be fully

admitted that these perversions are "sexual equivalents"--or at all events

equivalents of the normal sexual impulse--that term is merely a

descriptive label which tells us nothing of the phenomena. "Sexual

Symbolism" gives us the key to the process, the key that makes all these

perversions intelligible. In all of them--very clearly in some, as in

shoe-fetichism; more obscurely in others, as in exhibitionism--it has come

about by causes congenital, acquired, or both, that some object or class

of objects, some act or group of acts, has acquired a dynamic power over

the psycho-physical mechanism of the sexual process, deflecting it from

its normal adjustment to the whole of a beloved person of the opposite

sex. There has been a transmutation of values, and certain objects,

certain acts, have acquired an emotional value which for the normal person

they do not possess. Such objects and acts are properly, it seems to me,

termed symbols, and that term embodies the only justification that in most

cases these manifestations can legitimately claim.

"The Mechanism of Detumescence" brings us at last to the final climax for

which the earlier and more prolonged stage of tumescence, which has

occupied us so often in these _Studies_, is the elaborate preliminary.

"The art of love," a clever woman novelist has written, "is the art of

preparation." That "preparation" is, on the physiological side, the

production of tumescence, and all courtship is concerned in building up

tumescence. But the final conjugation of two individuals in an explosion

of detumescence, thus slowly brought about, though it is largely an

involuntary act, is still not without its psychological implications and

consequences; and it is therefore a matter for regret that so little is

yet known about it. The one physiological act in which two individuals are

lifted out of all ends that center in self and become the instrument of

those higher forces which fashion the species, can never be an act to be

slurred over as trivial or unworthy of study.

In the brief study of "The Psychic State in Pregnancy" we at last touch

the point at which the whole complex process of sex reaches its goal. A

woman with a child in her womb is the everlasting miracle which all the

romance of love, all the cunning devices of tumescence and detumescence,

have been invented to make manifest. The psychic state of the woman who

thus occupies the supreme position which life has to offer cannot fail to

be of exceeding interest from many points of view, and not least because

the maternal instinct is one of the elements even of love between the

sexes. But the psychology of pregnancy is full of involved problems, and

here again, as so often in the wide field we have traversed, we stand at

the threshold of a door it is not yet given us to pass.

HAVELOCK ELLIS.

Carbis Water, Lelant, Cornwall.

CONTENTS.

EROTIC SYMBOLISM.

The Definition of Erotic Symbolism. Symbolism of Act and Symbolism of

Object. Erotic Fetichism. Wide Extension of the Symbols of Sex. The

Immense Variety of Possible Erotic Fetiches. The Normal Foundations of

Erotic Symbolism. Classification of the Phenomena. The Tendency to

Idealize the Defects of a Beloved Person. Stendhal's "Crystallization".

II.

Foot-fetichism and Shoe-fetichism. Wide Prevalence and Normal Basis.

Restif de la Bretonne. The Foot a Normal Focus of Sexual Attraction Among

Some Peoples. The Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Spaniards, etc. The Congenital

Predisposition in Erotic Symbolism. The Influence of Early Association and

Emotional Shock. Shoe-fetichism in Relation to Masochism. The Two

Phenomena Independent Though Allied. The Desire to be Trodden On. The

Fascination of Physical Constraint. The Symbolism of Self-inflicted Pain.

The Dynamic Element in Erotic Symbolism. The Symbolism of Garments.

III.

Scatalogic Symbolism. Urolagnia. Coprolagnia. The Ascetic Attitude Towards

the Flesh. Normal Basis of Scatalogic Symbolism. Scatalogic Conceptions

Among Primitive Peoples. Urine as a Primitive Holy Water. Sacredness of

Animal Excreta. Scatalogy in Folk-lore. The Obscene as Derived from the

Mythological. The Immature Sexual Impulse Tends to Manifest Itself in

Scatalogic Forms. The Basis of Physiological Connection Between the

Urinary and Genital Spheres. Urinary Fetichism Sometimes Normal in

Animals. The Urolagnia of Masochists. The Scatalogy of Saints. Urolagnia

More Often a Symbolism of Act Than a Symbolism of Object. Only

Occasionally an Olfactory Fetichism. Comparative Rarity of Coprolagnia.

Influence of Nates Fetichism as a Transition to Coprolagnia, Ideal

Coprolagnia. Olfactory Coprolagnia. Urolagnia and Coprolagnia as Symbols

of Coitus.

IV.

Animals as Sources of Erotic Symbolism. Mixoscopic Zoophilia. The

Stuff-fetichisms. Hair-fetichism. The Stuff-fetichisms Mainly on a Tactile

Base. Erotic Zoophilia. Zooerastia. Bestiality. The Conditions that Favor

Bestiality. Its Wide Prevalence Among Primitive Peoples and Among

Peasants. The Primitive Conception of Animals. The Goat. The Influence of

Familiarity With Animals. Congress Between Women and Animals. The Social

Reaction Against Bestiality.

Exhibitionism. Illustrative Cases. A Symbolic Perversion of Courtship. The

Impulse to Defile. The Exhibitionist's Psychic Attitude. The Sexual Organs

as Fetiches. Phallus Worship. Adolescent Pride in Sexual Development.

Exhibitionism of the Nates. The Classification of the Forms of

Exhibitionism. Nature of the Relationship of Exhibitionism to Epilepsy.

VI.

The Forms of Erotic Symbolism are Simulacra of Coitus. Wide Extension of

Erotic Symbolism. Fetichism Not Covering the Whole Ground of Sexual

Selection. It is Based on the Individual Factor in Selection.

Crystallization. The Lover and the Artist. The Key to Erotic Symbolism is

to be Found in the Emotional Sphere. The Passage to Pathological Extremes.

THE MECHANISM OF DETUMESCENCE.

The Psychological Significance of Detumescence. The Testis and the Ovary.

Sperm Cell and Germ Cell. Development of the Embryo. The External Sexual

Organs. Their Wide Range of Variation. Their Nervous Supply. The Penis.

Its Racial Variations. The Influence of Exercise. The Scrotum and

Testicles. The Mons Veneris. The Vulva. The Labia Majora and their

Varieties. The Public Hair and Its Characters. The Clitoris and Its

Functions. The Anus as an Erogenous Zone. The Nymphae and their Function.

The Vagina. The Hymen. Virginity. The Biological Significance of the

Hymen.

II.

The Object of Detumescence. Erogenous Zones. The Lips. The Vascular

Characters of Detumescence. Erectile Tissue. Erection in Woman. Mucous

Emission in Women. Sexual Connection. The Human Mode of Intercourse.

Normal Variations. The Motor Characters of Detumescence. Ejaculation. The

Virile Reflex. The General Phenomena of Detumescence. The Circulatory and

Respiratory Phenomena. Blood Pressure. Cardiac Disturbance. Glandular

Activity. Distillatio. The Essentially Motor Character of Detumescence.

Involuntary Muscular Irradiation to Bladder, etc. Erotic Intoxication.

Analogy of Sexual Detumescence and Vesical Tension. The Specifically

Sexual Movements of Detumescence in Man. In Woman. The Spontaneous

Movements of the Genital Canal in Woman. Their Function in Conception.

Part Played by Active Movement of the Spermatozoa. The Artificial

Injection of Semen. The Facial Expression During Detumescence. The

Expression of Joy. The Occasional Serious Effects of Coitus.

III.

The Constituents of Semen. Function of the Prostate. The Properties of

Semen. Aphrodisiacs. Alcohol, Opium, etc. Anaphrodisiacs. The Stimulant

Influence of Semen in Coitus. The Internal Effects of Testicular

Secretions. The Influence of Ovarian Secretion.

IV.

The Aptitude for Detumescence. Is There an Erotic Temperament? The

Available Standards of Comparison. Characteristics of the Castrated.

Characteristics of Puberty. Characteristics of the State of Detumescence.

Shortness of Stature. Development of the Secondary Sexual Characters. Deep

Voice. Bright Eyes. Glandular Activity. Everted Lips. Pigmentation.

Profuse Hair. Dubious Significance of Many of These Characters.

THE PSYCHIC STATE IN PREGNANCY.

The Relationship of Maternal and Sexual Emotion. Conception and Loss of

Virginity. The Anciently Accepted Signs of This Condition. The Pervading

Effects of Pregnancy on the Organism. Pigmentation. The Blood and

Circulation. The Thyroid. Changes in the Nervous System. The Vomiting of

Pregnancy. The Longings of Pregnant Women. Mental Impressions. Evidence

for and Against Their Validity. The Question Still Open. Imperfection of

Our Knowledge. The Significance of Pregnancy.

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