Chemistry - How to make TNT.txt

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                              How to make TNT 
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 1. Take two beakers. In the first, prepare a solution of 76% sulfuric  
    acid, 23% nitric acid, and 1% water. In the other beaker, prepare  
    another solution of 57% nitric acid and 43% sulfuric acid (percentages  
    are on a weight ratio rather than volume). 
 2. Ten grams of the first solution are poured into an empty beaker and 
    placed in an ice bath. 
 3. Add ten grams of toluene, and stir for several minutes. 
 4. Remove this beaker from the ice bath and gently heat until it reaches 
    50 �C. The solution is stirred constantly while being heated. 
 5. Fifty additional grams of the acid, from the first beaker, are added 
    and the temperature is allowed to rise to 55 �C. This temperature is  
    held for the next ten minutes, and an oily liquid will begin to form  
    on the top of the acid. 
 6. After 10 or 12 minutes, the acid solution is returned to the ice bath, 
    and cooled to 45 �C. When reaching this temperature, the oily liquid  
    will sink and collect at the bottom of the beaker. At this point, the  
    remaining acid solution should have been drawn off, by using a syringe. 
 7. Fifty more grams of the first acid solution are added to the oily 
    liquid while the temperature is slowly being raised to 83 �C. After  
    this temperature is reached it is maintained for a full half hour. 
 8. At the end of this period, the solution is allowed to cool to 60 �C., 
    and is held at this temperature for another full half hour. After this, 
    the acid is again drawn off, leaving once more only the oily liquid at 
    the bottom. 
 9. Thirty grams of sulfuric acid are added, while the oily liquid is 
    gently heated to 80 �C. All temperature increases must be accomplished 
    slowly and gently. 
10. Once the desired temperature is reached, 30 grams of the second acid 
    solution are added, and the temperature is raised from 80 �C. to  
    104 �C., and is held for three hours. 
11. After this three-hour period, the mixture is lowered to 100 �C., and is 
    held there for a half hour. 
12. After this half hour, the oil is removed from the acid and washed with 
    boiling water. 
13. After the washing with boiling water, wHi'e being stirred constantly, 
    the TNT will begin to solidify. 
14. When the solidification has started, cold water is added to the beaker, 
    so that the TNT will form into pellets. Once this is done, you have a 
    good quality TNT. 
 
Note: The temperatures used in the preparation of TNT are exact, and must 
be used as such. Do not estimate or use approximations. Buy a good 
centigrade thermometer. 
eparation of TNT are exa 
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