Analyzing_the_Grammar_of_English.pdf

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00i-xiv.Teschner.FM.indd
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ANALYZING THE GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH
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the Grammar
of English
Third Edition
Richard V. Teschner
and
Eston E. Evans
Georgetown University Press | Washington, D.C.
Analyzing
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As of January 1, 2007, 13-digit ISBN numbers have
replaced the 10-digit system.
13-digit Paperback: 978-1-58901-166-3
10-digit Paperback: 1-58901-166-X
Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C.
© 2007 by Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Teschner, Richard V.
Analyzing the grammar of English / Richard V. Teschner and
Eston E. Evans.—3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-58901-166-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-58901-166-X (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. English language—Grammar. I. Evans, Eston Earl,
1940– II. Title.
PE1112.T48 2007
425–dc22
2006031186
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements
of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for
Printed Library Materials.
14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
First printing
Printed in the United States of America
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Contents
Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
1 Utterances, Sentences, Clauses, and Phrases 1
The Most Important Parts of Speech 5
Noun 5
Verb 7
Adjective 10
Adverb 12
Pronoun 13
Determiner 14
Quantifier 14
Preposition 14
Case 16
Subject Case 17
Genitive/Possessive Case 17
Object Case and Subject Case 17
Sounds: Phones, Phonemes, and Allophones 19
Forms: Morphemes and Allomorphs 24
/z/—A Highly Productive English Morpheme 25
/d/—Another Highly Productive English Morpheme 28
Problems with /d/ 29
Note 30
2 Verbs, Tenses, Forms, and Functions 31
Conjugating a Verb 31
Regular Verbs 31
Irregular Verbs 32
The Nine Morphological Patterns of Irregular Verbs 33
Verb Tenses and Auxiliary Verbs: The Nonmodal Auxiliaries ( Do, Be, Have ) and
the Modal Auxiliaries 38
The Simple Tenses 38
The Importance of the Subject 38
Imperatives, the Present Tense, and the Excluded Subject Pronoun 39
The Compound Tenses: Present and Past 39
v
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