AuditoryDrivingRitualTech.pdf

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Acknowledgments
Liz. You were everything for this project. My thanks are endless.
Prof. Eisen, Prof. Mancall, Prof. Berger—you kept me going, kept encouraging me. I
couldn’t have finished this without your support.
Dr. Kushida, Chia-Yu, Eileen—you guys are too awesome! Thank you so much for
letting an unwitting undergraduate into your lab.
Friends and Family—thank you for stoking my insanity.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview ………………………………………….2
a. Introduction
b. Overview of the Thesis and Vocabulary
c. Thesis
d. Outline
Chapter 2: Overview of the EEG and Neural Network Models
of the Brain and Consciousness ………………………………………………….11
a. Overview of Neural Network Model
b. Gamma Waves
c. Beta Waves
d. Alpha Waves
e. Theta Waves
f. Delta Waves
g. Interplay of Alpha and Theta Waves
h. Biofeedback
Chapter 3: Review of Religious Studies/Anthropological
Commentary on Auditory Driving ………………………………………………33
a. An Overview Up To 1980
b. Some Competing Theories of Trance
c. Writing on Rhythmic Entrainment Since 1980
Chapter 4: Scientific Evidence of Auditory Entrainment ………….…………..51
a. Monaural Beat Stimulation
b. Binaural Beat Stimulation
c. Rhythmic Photic Stimulation
Chapter 5: Chanting ……………………………………………………………...70
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Chapter 6: Ritual Instruments and Other Stimulation Techniques …………..83
a. Shamanism:
--Drumming
b. Tibetan Buddhism and Mantras:
--Damarus
--Tibetan Singing Bowls
--Tibetan Bells
--Mantra Recitation and Prayer
Chapter 7: My Experiment ………………………………………………….…...90
Chapter 8: Conclusions …………………………………………………………..94
a. What This Means for Religious Studies
b. What This Means for Neuroscience
c. What This Means for Therapy In General
d. What This Means for Me Personally
Appendix………………………………………………………………………….105
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CD Notes
When you encounter an * during Chapter 5, play the track by its name. They are
categorized by CD.
Anthology of World Music, The Music of Tibetan Buddhism . Disc 2. Rounder CD: Rounder Records
Corp. Copyright 1999.
1. Track 1, “History of the Sakya religion”
2. Track 8, “Prayer for the Dalai Lama”
3. Track 9, “Doctrine concerning the afterlife”
Anthology of World Music, The Music of Vietnam . Rounder CD: Rounder Records Corp. Copyright
1999.
4. Track 7, “Recitation of Buddhist prayers”
The Early Morning Great Bell Verse. < http://www.buddhanet.net/audio-chant.htm > Buddha Dharma
Education Association, Copyright 2004. 12/2/04.
5. “The Early Morning Great Bell Verse”
Drops of Emptiness: Songs, Chants, and Poetry from Plum Village. Sounds True: Sounds True.
Copyright 1997.
6. Track 2, “Prelude to Sitting Meditation”
One Sound: Traditional Buddhist Music From Tibet, China, Vietnam, Korea, Sri Lanka, and Japan.
Ellipsis Arts…: Ellipsis Arts… Copyright 2000.
7. Track 1, “Morning bell chant”
8. Track 5, “Mandel Tachen (Great Melody Mandala Offering)”
9. Track 6, “Hyakuhachisan”
Anthology of World Music, The Music of Vietnam . Rounder CD: Rounder Records Corp. Copyright
1999.
10. Track 8, “Buddhist Chant”
The Gyuto Monks: Freedom Chants From The Roof of the World. Rykodisc: 360 Degree Productions.
Copyright 1989.
11. Track 1, “Yamantaka”
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