Home-Made DIY CNC Machine using Step Motors, Dremel, and EMC2 Lirtex - Technology on the Edge of Time.pdf

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HomeMade DIY CNC Machine using
Step Motors, Dremel, and EMC2
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Tags: CNC , DIY , Machine , Motor Control , Robot , Robotics , Stepper Motor
What is a CNC?
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The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to
a computer “controller” that reads Gcode instructions and drives a machine tool, a
powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate components by the selective
removal of material.
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In simple words, a CNC is a machine which is controlled by a computer, and used to
fabricate 3D objects.
This page will describe the process of building a CNC machine, from the design stage, the required materials and
the process itself.
Still confused? Here’s a shot movie showing a CNC fabricating a printed electronic circuit board:
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After seeing the movie, you must have understood how useful that kind of machine is for printing electronic circuit
boards or manufacturing robot parts. This kind of machine helped tremendously cut the prototype manufacturing
costs, and thus very useful for me. The only problem is – such a machine costs thousands of dollars.
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But as I say – “If there’s a will there’s a way”. So I decided to build such a machine myself.
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This page describes the building process, beginning with the design, the required parts list, the needed
electronics, how to connect everything to the computer and how to operate the machine.
Parts List
Aluminum U Channels, 20cm x 20cm
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1/4″ Threaded Rods:
Long 1/4″ nuts:
Bearings (different sizes):
Perspex (Acrylic) boards:
Choosing the stepper motors
While choosing the motors one should take into account the physical size of the machine, the weight each axis
will carry. Another important criteria is the precision of the motors – the number of degrees it spins at each step.
A few more parameters are the physical size of the motor (NEMA23, NEMA32..) and it’s power rating.
I have chose Shinano Kenshi 1.8 degrees\step, 7.3 volts 0.95 ampere, NEMA23 stepper motors. To achieve
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more precision I run the motors in halfstepping mode. The motor is controller using my CNC Stepper Motor
Controller.
CNC Controller
I built an optoisolated 3 Axis CNC Controller which supports home and limit switches for all the axes.
More info at the CNC Controller Page
CNC Software – Linux EMC
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The software I’m using is EMC – Linux CNC . It has many
advantages – it’s an open source program and thus a
free one, it supports various kinds of hardware and
configurations and it’s very easy to use. Since EMC is
running on a special version of linux – Real Time Linux, it
is also very reliable and never misses a step.
EMC Is working with GCode.
Creating The Machine Frame
The machine’s frame is created from metal bars, soldered
together and painted gray:
Threaded rod’s bearing mounts:
In order to achieve high precision, I used bearings to fix the threaded rod to the frame:
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The result is impressive – the threaded rod is fixed to the frame, and it moves very smoothly, as you can see in
the video:
Motor Mounts:
X Axis motor mount:
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