Kleinw_chter.pdf

Second World Renewable Energy Forum:

Renewing Civilization by Renewable Energy

May, 29-31, 2004, Bonn, Germany

SOLAR POWER VILLAGE

An integral concept to create Energy

and stable local jobs in southern rural areas

Jürgen Kleinwächter

Ex Vice President of Comples International

SOLAR POWER VILLAGE

1. The Problematic – the Technology

Energy is the first prerequisite for life quality, health and political stability. Today about 1,6 billion

people (one fourth of the world population) has no access to electricity, 1,2 billion no access to

fresh water and 2,4 billion no sanitary installations. This leads for countless humans to death

and misery. Since jobs and employment are rare, more and more young people are leaving this

region and often end in the slums of the large towns. This all enhances the North-South gap with

disastrous consequences for the whole humanity. In its “Charta of Sounion” the Comples

established already in 1961 not only technical guidelines for the development of solar

technologies but also general ethical standards how to bring this technologies to the poor

populations in southern countries. It is under this spirit that the concept and realisation of the

SOLAR POWER VILLAGE took place.

water

heat

food

electricity

An overall artistic view of a SOLAR POWER VILLAGE

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SOLAR POWER VILLAGE

The main components are:

(1) The greenhouse (SolarEnvelope TM ) is a light-weight structure covered with a special

fluorpolymer foil. The foil is transparent for the full spectrum of the solar radiation including

the UV-portion, thus no need for pesticides commonly employed in conventional

greenhouses. In addition, the UV-radiation provides the aroma thus greatly improving the

quality of the produce. The optical system mounted in the roof of the greenhouse

concentrates the direct solar radiation onto receivers thus extracting heat from the

greenhouse and protecting it from overheating; the heat generated at a high temperature

level is captured in vegetable oil as the heat-carrying medium. An insulated pipe system

transports the oil to a hot-oil storage tank.

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SOLAR POWER VILLAGE

(2) The hot-oil storage tank stores the hot oil at a temperature of up to 220 0 C. A tank with

2,000 liters of oil has the capacity to store about 75 kWh of useable heat. This saves about

500 kg wood used in energy-inefficient fire places. This energy is enough to provide 500

people with heat for cooking, to lift water from wells and to generate electricity for about 2 to

3 days. In periods of no sunshine the oil can also be heated up with biomass. The Stirling

engine, the cooking stove or the system to generate hot steam for disinfection are all

(3) The middle-temperature Stirling engine transforms thermal energy into mechanical work

– and this already at temperatures of 150 0 C.

The Stirling engine provided with 50 kWh of heat energy generates electricity of about 1 kWh e

for about 10 hours. The mechanical work generated by the Stirling engine can also be used for

corn milling, to pump water or for cooling.

Stroke

Pressure

350

300

250

200

150

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Drehwinkel [°]

Drehwinlel [°]

Arbeitskolbenhub [mm]

Verdrängerhub [mm]

Motor Druck [bar]

Windkesseldruck [bar]

Actual measurement Sunpulse 400

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SOLAR POWER VILLAGE

Simulation (P ind = 1747 W) Measure (P ind = 1556 W)

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

Hubraum [L]

Motordruck [bar]

Windkesseldruck [bar]

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

PV-Diagrams of the Sunpulse 400 , simulated and measured(T top =400 o C, T bottom = 50 o C)

(4) Sunpulse™ is a low-temperature Stirling engine to pump water. It is powered by

unconcentrated solar radiation and thus works independent of the hot-oil storage tank. The

system pumps about 4 cbm/h water from 10m depth. Part of the pumping system is a

hydraulic ram which in combination with Sunpulse can pump water from up to 60 m depth.

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