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Supramolecular Chemistry –

Fundamentals and Applications

Advanced Textbook

Katsuhiko Ariga · Toyoki Kunitake

Supramolecular

Chemistry –

Fundamentals

and Applications

Advanced Textbook

With 173 Figures

123

Katsuhiko Ariga

Supermolecules Group

National Institute for Materials Science

Namiki 1-1

305-0044 Ibaraki, Japan

e-mail: Ariga.Katsuhiko@nims.go.jp

Toyoki Kunitake

Topochemical Design Lab.

FRS, RIKEN

Hirosawa, Wako-shi 2-1

351-0198 Saitama, Japan

e-mail: Kunitake@ruby.ocn.ne.jp

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006920777

ISBN-10 3-540-01298-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

ISBN-13 978-3-540-01298-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

DOI: 10.1007/b84082

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Printed in Germany

CHOBUNSHI KAGAKU HE NO TENKAI

By Katsuhiko Ariga and Toyoki Kunitake

Originally published in Japanese in 2000

By Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, Tokyo

This English edition published 2006

By Springer-Verlag Heidelberg

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,

even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws

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Preface

Molecules are created by the covalent bonding of atoms. However, although

a molecule is created from a multitude of atoms, it behaves as an individual

entity. A vast number of molecules of different sizes and structures are known,

ranging from the simplest hydrogen molecule to high-molecular-weight man-

made polymers and sophisticated biological macromolecules such as proteins

and DNA. Indeed, all living matter, natural minerals and artiﬁcial materials,

however complex and numerous they are, are combinations of some of these

tens of millions of molecules. We may therefore be tempted to believe that the

structures and properties of these materials and compounds can be directly

related to those of the individual molecules that comprise them in a straight-

forward way. Unfortunately, this notion is not correct. However deeply we

understand the nature of individual molecules, this knowledge is not enough

to explain the structures and functions of materials and molecular assemblies

that are derived as a result of organizing individual molecules. This is partic-

ularly true with biological molecular systems that are derived from the spatial

and temporal organization of component molecules.

In this book we delve into the ﬁeld of supramolecular chemistry, which

deals with supermolecules. A supermolecule in this sense can be deﬁned as

a “molecule beyond a molecule” – a large and complex entity formed from

other molecules. The molecules that comprise the supermolecule interact with

each other via weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic in-

teractions and coordination to form new entities with novel properties and

functionsthatcannotbededucedbyasimplesummationoftheproperties

of the individual molecules. This monograph is intended to convey the rele-

vance and fascination of the fast-growing ﬁeld of supramolecular chemistry to

advanced undergraduate students, and to provide an overview of it to young

scientists and engineers. Readers will ﬁnd that supramolecular chemistry is

associated with many attractive disciplines of chemistry, including molecular

recognition, molecular topology, self-organization, ultrathin ﬁlms, molecular

devices and biomolecular systems. As described in Chap. 1, supramolecular

chemistry is still a very young ﬁeld, and so it is difﬁcult to predict its future, but

it has already secured a ﬁrm position in the chemical sciences. For example,

biotechnology and nanotechnology are expected to lead to technological revo-

Preface

lutions in near future that will dramatically affect our lifestyles and economies.

Supramolecular chemistry is an indispensable tool in these technologies.

This book was originally written as part of a series of Japanese chemistry

textbooks. The authors hope that this book be warmly accepted by English-

language readers as well.

Ibaraki and Saitama, January 2006

Katsuhiko Ariga,

Toy o k i Kun i t ak e

Supramolecular chemistry - Fundamentals and applications - Ariga.pdf

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