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Capoeira Basics
Capoeira Basics
Let me tell you that I am just a beginner in the art of Capoeira; I've been studying for half a
year so far and maybe the whole section is utter crap in the eyes of an experienced Capoeirista.
This page is designed for newbies who want a brief insight, it's nowhere intended to be some
sort of reference material. Nevertheless I would appreciate any feedback on this particular
section; come on, let me know!
General Rules
:
•
In Capoeira you don't try to beat the shit out of your opponent. The other one is not
your enemy, he is your friend, and both of you try to keep the game going. Therefore
no bleeding noses please.
•
No active blocking in Capoeira; instead try to be evasive. When the pace of the game
increases, get some distance between yourself and your fellow (at least in Regional).
•
Don't be predictable. That may sound hackneyed, but since Malandragem (dirty tricks)
is accepted and widely welcomed among Capoeiristas, you can easily get tricked into
some serious trouble. Be creative and let the music take controhoholl.
Ginga
: the most basic movement of Capoeira. Instead of taking a fixed stance, you have to
keep moving all the time; all the other moves derrive from this dance-like pattern. Ginga
becomes soon second nature and provides great potential for unpredictable 3D movement and
fake attacks.
Handstand
: practice practice practice! It's very stylish and part of many defensive/offensive
movements. If you never ever tried it, start with swinging up at a wall. Don't look at your
hands, keep your eyes on the opposite wall instead. Once you get the feeling for it, try a
handstand without support. If you are about to topple over, lift one hand and find your balance
again. Occasionally that won't work; then try to roll over or -even better- lift one palm, use
your other hand as a pivot and gently step down in the opposite direction.(example: lift your
left hand, turn clockwise for 180 degrees, put it down again, lower one leg, touch the ground,
lower the other leg, get up and always keep smiling:). No problem you say? Then try to...
•
get up into handstand from a squatting position.
•
get up into handstand from a cartwheel.
•
get up into handstand from a headstand.
•
get up into handstand from a macaco.
•
get up into handstand with a 180 deg turn.
•
combine the above.
•
walk on your hands. Forwards (where the heels are) is easier than backwards.
•
clap your feet to the rhythm of the Berimbau.
•
Straddle your legs both back and forth and left and right.
•
Straddle your legs and twist your hips for 90 degrees.
•
go into handstand and squat with your legs in the air.
•
stretch your legs into an angle with your body (big inverted "L").
•
stand on one hand.
•
spin on one hand (e.g. starting from a one-handed Compassa).
•
combine the above.
•
get down into a headstand.
•
get down into a Queda de Rins.
•
get down with a handspring.
Queda de Rins
: "stand on the kidneys". Begin as if you wanted to go into a headstand;
crouch. Turn both your knees that they face your right elbow. Shift your weight over your left
hand, then lower your head. Place the area above your left hip on your left elbow and let the
left side of your head touch the ground. Slowly raise your legs and put your right knee at your
right elbow to a rest. Both legs are now drawn up.
The picture on the right
shows an example of
how the Queda de Rins
can be put to good use
in Capoeira. In the
image we start from a
Queda de Tres but you
can enter the QDR from
Negativa, jumping in
etc. as well. Drop down
to one side but keep
your body up by
touching the ground
with one hand and sticking the elbow into the flank of your body. Feels awkward at first
because you have to twist your arm somewhat, better get used to that. Now lower your body
further, stretch your free hand over your head and put it down as well. Then let your head
touch the ground on its side; put it on the imaginary line between your two hands (Normally
you need not put everything in a straight line but for this trick it makes getting up much
easier). Your weight rests mainly over your support arm (the one that rams into your side) at
this point. Time to get up again: Lift one leg (diagram: right leg) and move it in a straight arc
over your torso. The other legs follows as well but concentrate on the first one for now. Get
this first leg over your head and try to let its foot touch the ground on the extended line that
goes through your hands. Stretch out your aching arm (image:left one) again, thus pushing
yourself up (6th frame). This takes some muscular effort- later on when you get down the
balance and perform the move with schwing it gets much easier. When your head's off the
floor, push with both hands and get straight up.
Au
: the cartwheel.
Immensely important in
Capoeira. Use it for a
quick retreat or lure
your partner into a trap.
•
Common Au: I
assume
everyone knows
how to do this.
In Capoeira
remember to
keep eye contact
with your
partner; don't
ever look at
your hands. At
first, don't stay too long on both of your hands; try to have only one hand at a time on
the ground. Later on you can try to delay the movement or even to freeze in handstand
position. Always be prepared to get knocked down by a Cabecada or Bênção.
•
Small Au: Not so flashy but much more safe. Put your hands further apart, move your
head closer to the ground, keep your knees bent and work strongly with your hips to
shift your body's center of gravity over your head.
•
Au with spin: Start an Au to your left side until you reach handstand position. There
take off your left hand and spin on your right hand in clockwise direction. After
turning ~270 degrees, go down as shown in the diagramm. This is a cute style move
that leaves you open for a brief moment, so try to do it quickly (It shouldn't take more
time than an ordinary cartwheel).
•
Au into Queda de Rins roll: Do an Au. When you pass through the handstand position,
drop down into a Queda de Rins and roll over. You will end up in negativa position. If
you like to watch the difficult part of the exercise, take a look at my
private homepage
.
In the upper right-hand corner you can see a 'Macaco into Queda de Rins roll'
animation.
Au Malandro
: I really love
this one. If you attempt a
cartwheel and your roguish
partner goes for the Cabecada
(headbutt into your stomach), -
BAFF- he'll get punished by
your lightning-fast legs. To pull
off, grab the ground with one hand and jump. Now you twist your chest slightly upwards and
do the jacknife movement with the upper leg. At the begin it's easier to keep the other leg bent;
later on, you can try to keep it stretched. Now simply go down forwards or sidewards.
Experiment with hitting above your head and to your front, try out various angles between
your legs (striking with two legs, doing the splits etc). If all that poses no problem to you,
continue the movement to a handstand, do an Au Malandro in the opposite direction and go
down there. Voila,a Capoeira cartwheel.
This is a really tricky movement. For training purposes I
suggest you get yourself a partner who can give you
support. Face your friend ; both of you should grab each
others arm (see pic: right arm to right arm). Now start as
if you tried an Au (cartwheel). Once you are 'airborne',
twist your body a little bit upwards.. fold your first leg
towards your face and don't worry about the other one
at first. If you keep a firm grip on your partner's forearm
(and vice versa), you can train this move with great
efficiency. I strongly recommend (as for all other movements too) practising the move in both
directions.
Cocorinha
: A way of avoiding circular kicks at a close
distance. You duck below the kick and lift the arm on
the side the kick comes from, thus protecting your head
(Lift it higher than the man on the right!). The other
hand touches the ground and gives you balance. Make
sure your entire soles have contact with the floor; else
you could easily be pushed over. And keep eye-contact.
Queda de Tres
: While the Cocorinha is employed mainly in
Regional, Angoleiros favor the Queda de Tres instead. You
crouch on your toes and put one hand diagonally behind for
better balance. Unlike the Cocorinha, the Queda de Tres
requires you to turn your body away from the partner a little
bit (the scribble on the right shows the move viewed from the
front). The remaining hand protects the head from kicks that
come from the side which are more likely to occur in Capoeira Angola than in Capoeira
Regional. You can shift your weight over your supporting hand and lean away from the other
Jogador if he comes too close; or you can go into Queda de Rins, Tesoura Angola, Negativa,
Rolê to to keep the game flow smooth.
Queda de Quatro
: The Queda de
Quatro is a way of dodging kicks and
typical for Capoeira Angola. Let's
assume your partner launches a Rabo
de Arraia at you and you decide to
evade with a Queda de Tres (described
above). You go along with the kick when your friend suddenly changes legs and performs the
Rabo de Arraia in the opposite direction, aiming directly at your face. To perform the Qdea de
Quatro you glide gracefully backwards onto your hands (coming from the Queda de Tres) and
walk away on your hands until your legs are stretched. From there on you can do the Rolê,
cross your stretched legs and attack with a Rabo de Arraia, move forward again and carefully
get up etc. Always remember that you may never touch the floor with your bottom.
Negativa (Stance)
: Very important because of the vast range of
follow ups; you can rolê away, go into Au/Head/ Handstand, do a
Macaco, attack with an S-Dobrado, Martelo or Meia Lua de
Compasso, change orientation, retreat, close in,... Basically it's a
way of avoiding kicks (see Cocorinha) but can be done for its
own sake as well. You can drop into the Negativa from the Ginga,
from an Au, a Queda de Rins, whatever, just keep it fluid. You have one leg bent and your
weight should be balanced on its football. The other leg is stretched (or only little bent), with
the toes pointing to the side. That's for reasons of safety, because if someone kicks at or falls
onto your knee with your foot pointing upwards your leg could get broken in a very nasty
way.. Gain better balance by touching the ground with the one hand on the side of your
stretched leg. The other leg can protect the head if necessary.
This kind of the Negativa is fundamental to Capoeira play in general. However, there's a
variant that is used exclusively in Capoeira Angola...
•
The Negativa Angola shows
all trademarks of a classic
Angola: you are bent really
deep down, both feet and
both hands touch the ground
but everything else floats
closely above. Coming from
the Ginga you step parallel
and move down, similar to
the Cocorinha (feet are a bit
further apart). Now 'flow' to
one side, in the direction the
incoming kick goes. Shortly
before your head touches the
floor you have stop the movement and remain in this position. Your one hand gives
support in front of your chest, the other hand behind your back. Looks like a pushup
where you have your body twisted to one side. The leg on the upper side is stretched,
the other leg is bent. Try to touch the floor only with both of your hands and your feet,
but do it as deep as possible. To come back into Ginga, do everthing in the opposite
direction.
•
When you're down in the Negativa Angola and your partner is standing rather close to
you, exchange the position of your feet. This is a great setup for a Rabo de Arraia
(Meia Lua de Compasso with both hands on the ground). Scroll down to the rolê or the
Meia Lua de Compasso to see how the movement continues after the the third image.
•
The lower leg of your bent leg travels forward so your leg gets stretched. From here on
you have all the rolê move variations at your disposal, look up the item below for
reference.
•
Negativa Angola into Headstand-Au. If you are down in the Negativa, pull yourself a
little forward with your hands. Put your head in upright position down on the floor (-
strain on neck). Now try to push/pull yourself over into headstand and get down on the
other side; it should resemble a very deep Au with the head on the ground. Try to do it
very slowly in training so you learn to control it better.
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