Key2Free.pdf

A Method for Producing Free Energy

Horace Heffner Jan 2006

The secret to creating free energy electrolytically lies in creating and sustaining an

anode glow and doing so under the highest pressure possible.

The useful anode glow for creating free energy can be created as described in

<http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/GlowExper.pdf>,

but it is desirable to do so under the highest pressure possible. The higher the

pressure the more the free energy gained and the higher the coefficient of power

(COP).

Ideally, the anode glow is comparable in color to the green color of sonoluminescence,

as seen in: <http://www.nature.com/news/2006/060109/full/060109-5.html>

Obtaining a high signal to noise ratio for heat production, useful for proof of

principle, requires obtaining a high voltage drop through the anode interphase in

proportion to the current density of the anode.

It takes patience and time to reach the highest cell potential that sustains the green

anode glow, and how that is obtained depends on the electrode metal, the electrolyte

and the electrolyte concentration. It can take a long time to reach maximum

operating voltage.

A procedure useful for amateurs to create the green anode glow follows. To avoid the

need for extra resistance in series with the cell adjust the electrolyte (titrate)

conductivity by gradually adding more of the electrolyte acid, base, or salt to

distilled water to the point a desirable current is obtained, i.e. one which is

appropriate for the power supply in use. It is useful not to execeed 0.1 mA/cm^2 for

initial current density.

The process then is this:

1. Gradually increase the voltage to an acceptable current for your supply and then

hold the voltage constant.

2. Call the initial current, I_step. Monitor the current. If the current is increasing or

arc spots or electrosparks appear, reduce the voltage (and thus current I_step) and

repeat this step.

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A Method for Producing Free Energy

Horace Heffner Jan 2006

3. If current is decreasing then let I_start = I_step. Give the cell some minutes

decreasing current (optimize timing by feel and by patience!) and then increase the

cell voltage until the the new current I_step is no more than I_start and go to step 2.

When you get to the point the anode can not be further conditioned, you are there.

4. At this point, or even sooner, since cell conductivity is low, more electrolyte acid,

base, or salt can be added, and the process begun over.

Using a very dilute electrolyte, e.g. 0.01 g/l NaOH, with aluminum electrodes, the

maximum anode glow producing cell potential can be well over 500 volts. As the

electrode is conditioned the current is reduced. This is desirable for excess energy

experiments not only because the voltage is maximized, but the expected

signal/power is maximized. It is also desirable to reduce the cell resistance to the

lowest possible value that permits sustaining cell operation. This then maximizes

the percentage of potential drop across the anode interphase, and thus provides the

highest signal to noise ratio, i.e. coefficient of power (COP). Obtaining maximum cell

conductivity and cell life may mean operating with an electrolyte different from the

one used for initial conditioning. It may be desirable to buffer the pH with a salt, for

example, and to raise conductivity.

It may be much easier to condition using a fixed current power supply, because that

for the most part automatically handles steps 2 through 3, except for monitoring for

arc spots (or orange glow). I n that case the current is set and incremented instead of

the voltage.

A conditioning current density of about 0.1 mA/cm^2 of a weak electrolyte like

sodium metasilicate works well in various situations, but it depends on many

factors what current density is best, like electrolyte makeup and concentration and

electrode material used. The conditioning method provided above compensates for a

wide variance of these variables.

The objective of conditioning is creating a coating over the anode which prevents

conduction by anions except at a high voltage drop across the anode interphase, i.e.

except at a gradient sufficient to ionize H2O and OH. Such a potential drop is

typically over 100 volts.

The key free energy lies beyond merely creating the oxide film of a passivated anode,

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A Method for Producing Free Energy

Horace Heffner Jan 2006

as described by Bockris. [J. O’M Bockris and A.K.N. Reddy, Modern

Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, p.1319 ff.] The process of conditioning the anode

must proceed to the point where an insulating barrier is created that permits an

electrostatic field intensity sufficient to ionize an OH or H2O molecule. In other

words, the surface barrier of the oxide film must be thick enough that electron

tunneling to the anode only occurs at a voltage gradient exceeding about 10^11 V/m.

The slow conditioning recommended above is not necessary with all electrolytes and

plate combinations, but is useful because it tends to achieve a uniform conditioning.

If thin or bare spots exist in the anode coating, then shorts can occur through the

anode coating which include arcs in DC mode, and arcs or sparks (electrosparks) in

AC mode. Such shorts, which are to be avoided, can be created by impurities in the

electrodes, or by increasing the voltage to the point the coating is ruptured by

sparks or arcs, and the anode then destroyed by corrosion from the resulting arcs.

These shorts diminish the current passed through the green glow areas which are

effective in creating the free energy, by means discussed in :

<http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/BlueAEH.pdf>

<http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/GlowExper.pdf>

<http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/HeisenbergTraps.pdf>

Improperly conditioned electrodes have arc or spark spots and often take on a red or

orange hue before eventually disintegrating due to corrosion. An example of this is

explored in:

<http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/OrangeGlow.pdf>

I t is useful that gas evolution in a closed high pressure cell be controlled. One

means of doing this is to make the (each) anode concave down, insulated on the top,

and oriented so as to trap bubbles coming from the cathode. The anode interphase

in glowing mode is effective at recombining the evolved gasses provided the evolution

rate is not too high.

Not much to it. Free energy by simply producing the right anode glow at high

pressure.

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