vimbook-Tutorial.pdf

The Tutorial

Basic Editing

Editing a Little Faster

Searching

Text Blocks and Multiple Files

Windows

Basic Visual Mode

Commands for Programmers

Basic Abbreviations, Keyboard Mapping, and Initialization Files

Basic Command-Mode Commands

Basic GUI Usage

Dealing with Text Files

Automatic Completion

Autocommands

File Recovery and Command-Line Arguments

Miscellaneous Commands

Cookbook

Topics Not Covered

Basic Editing

T HE V IM EDITOR IS ONE OF THE MOST powerful text editors around. It is also

extremely efficient, enabling the user to edit files with a minimum of keystrokes.This

power and functionality comes at a cost, however:When getting started, users face a

steep learning curve.

This chapter teaches you the basic set of 10 Vim commands you need to get started

editing. In this chapter, you learn the following:

The four basic movement commands

How to insert and delete text

How to get help (very important)

Exiting the editor

After you get these commands down pat, you can learn the more advanced editing

commands.

Before You Start

If you have not installed Vim , you need to read Appendix A, “Installing Vim ,” and

install the editor.

Chapter 1 Basic Editing

If you are running on UNIX, execute the following command:

$ touch ~/.vimrc

By creating a ~/.vimrc , you tell Vim that you want to use it in Vim mode. If this fi le is

not present, Vim runs in Vi -compatibility mode and you lose access to many of the

advanced Vim features. However, you can enable the advanced features from within

Vim at any time with this command: :set nocompatible<Enter> .

If you are running on Microsoft Windows, the installation process creates the

Microsoft Windows version of this file, _vimrc , for you.

Running Vim for the First Time

To start Vim , enter this command:

$ gvim file.txt

Note that the $ is the default UNIX command prompt.Your prompt might differ.

If you are running Microsoft Windows, open an MS-DOS prompt window and

enter this command:

C:> gvim file.txt

(Again, your prompt may differ.)

In either case, Vim starts editing a file called file.txt . Because this is a new fi le, you

get a blank window. Figure 1.1 shows what your screen will look like.

The tilde (~) lines indicate lines not in the file. In other words, when Vim runs out

of file to display, it displays tilde lines. At the bottom of a screen, a message line indi-

cates the file is named file.txt and shows that you are creating a new file.The mes-

sage information is temporary and other information overwrites it when you type the

first character.

“file.txt” [New File]

Figure 1.1 Initial Vim window.

Editing for the First Time

The vim Command

The gvim command causes the editor to create a new window for editing. If you use

the command vim , the editing occurs inside your command window. In other words, if

you are running inside an xterm, the editor uses your xterm window. If you are using

an MS-DOS command prompt window under Microsoft Windows, the editing occurs

inside the window. Figure 1.2 shows a typical MS-DOS command prompt window.

A very intelligent turtle

Found programming UNIX a hurdle

The system, you see,

Ran as slow as did he,

And that's not saying much for the turtle.

"turtle.txt" 5L, 158C

1,1

All

Figure 1.2 Editing with the vim command in an MS-DOS window.

Modes

The Vim editor is a modal editor.That means that the editor behaves differently,

depending on which mode you are in. If the bottom of the screen displays the file-

name or is blank, you are in normal mode. If you are in insert mode, the indicator dis-

plays --INSERT-- ; and if you are in visual mode, the indicator shows --VISUAL-- .

Editing for the First Time

The next few sections show you how to edit your first file. During this process, you

learn the basic commands that you have to know to use Vim . At the end of this lesson,

you will know how to edit—not fast, not efficiently, but enough to get the job done.

Inserting Text

To enter text, you need to be in insert mode.Type i , and notice that the lower left of

the screen changes to --INSERT-- (meaning that you are in insert mode).

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