White - Observer Physics Simplifies Nuclear and Particle Physics (2003).pdf - Energy from the Vacuum - andreas50_54

Screw the Zoo! (c) Douglass A. White, 2003 Page 1

Screw the Zoo! Observer Physics Simplifies Nuclear and Particle Physics!

Douglass A. White

dpedtech@dpedtech.com

In this article I present a new set of principles governing fundamental particles, then

introduce the new set of primary particles according to the principles and show how

they map to the current particle zoo that is based on quark theory. Then I give some

examples of particle interactions using modified Feynman diagrams to show how the

upgraded notation works. This new way of looking at fundamental particles results

in a new model of the nucleus that may assist in the search for a controlled fusion

technology, a better understanding of cosmology, and ways of predicting interactions

that are currently unknown.

For a while the atomic world used to be made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

that combined in different ways. Alas, these good old days are gone, and now we

have to keep track of a formidable zoo of "fundamental" particles that researchers

have discovered over the past few decades. Now it's time for some simplification.

We can't go back to the old days, but we can move forward to a new day when the zoo

once again becomes a manageable little family. We will still use the taxonomy we

have grown used to. But we will see that underlying all the complexity things really

are neat, and elegant. The appearance of complexity comes from the way in which

the information is interpreted. Let's introduce some principles that will help us shift

our viewpoint. Suggestion: first read "Energy from Electrons and Mass from Protons:

A Preliminary Model Based on Observer Physics" (available at zpenergy.com).

Key Principles

* The fundamental "essence" of the universe is something undefined. From an

observer's subjective viewpoint we can call it undefined awareness. From an

objective viewpoint we can call it undefined potential.

* Matter and energy as well as consciousness and experience can occur only when

an observer establishes a viewpoint with respect to the undefined essence.

Otherwise it remains undefined and there is nothing we can say about it. (Because

of the critical role played by the observer in defining the universe I refer to the

emerging new physics paradigm as "Observer Physics".)

* All particles are unstable and decay in close to one billionth of a second or less

Screw the Zoo! (c) Douglass A. White, 2003 Page 2

(<=10^-8 s) as Dirac discovered and as we find is the case in most particle

interactions. The appearance of stability only occurs in the case of certain dynamic

energy feedback loops that allow potential to keep recycling automatically and

indefinitely as long as the loop is undisturbed with regard to its critical core structure.

* Of all the particles in the "zoo" only the photon, the proton/neutron quark

complex, the electron, and the neutrino complex, are stable. All other known

particles are unstable. We will only consider "stable" particles fundamental. And

of these only the photon, electron, and neutrino complex are truly "fundamental".

And even these can not exist in isolation. For all particles are interdependent.

* Photons are the fundamental constituents of all phenomena. Everything,

including the photon, is made of photons configured in different ways.

* The photon is the "objective" reflection of consciousness, a tiny packet of

awareness that has no mass, only a linear momentum exemplified by the observer's

"line of sight". The photon's "subjective" form (orantiphoton) is the attention

particle. We will call it a scion, or "seeon" .

* Photons and scions possess spin 1/2, but always form pairs that create a balanced

spin of 1. EM radiation always consists of a photon/scion pair. You can not have a

single photon alone without a partner. The scion is what the literature sometimes

refers to as an "advanced" photon. The ordinary photon is the "retarded" photon.

Both travel at (c), but in opposite directions in space/time. To the observer, however,

they seem to form a pair that usually travels together.

* Which is photon and which is scion is relative to the observer's viewpoint. In

other words, one observer's photon may be another person's scion, and vice versa.

Viewpoint determines what you see.

* All perception and experience can only occur when an observer maps one of his

scions to a photon. Beyond that there is only pure, undefined awareness, which is

neither objective nor subjective, and simply represents a potential for any and all

possibilities that might be defined on it. This is why modern quantum physics

measures phenomena in terms of probabilities. How "real" something is depends on

its quantum level of definition. The definition process ultimately depends on the

observer alone. This is how he creates and participates in his creations.

Screw the Zoo! (c) Douglass A. White, 2003 Page 3

* Photons are "bosons". They behave primarily as waves and can overlap and

cluster and mutually interfere. Constructive interference is the method by which a

photon ensemble may become one or more "particles". In other words particles are

interference patterns of photon waves of various frequencies interacting

constructively. This wave nature of photons, plus the speed of EM radiation, ensures

that most "particles" will be unstable on the level of 10^-8 s or less unless there exists

a special feedback condition. This suggests also that there is a spatial distance

around 1-3 meters in which a "particle" moving along at nearly light speed will decay.

* (3x10^8 m/s)(10^-8 s) ~~ 3 m.

* We will propose that there are two primary spatial windows in which this decay

occurs. The first one is at 3.1622 m and corresponds to the decay threshold of

electron neutrinos. The neutrino often decays by oscillating into a different type of

neutrino (muon neutrino or tauon neutrino). Neutrinos have almost no mass and

represent the primary form of photon self-interaction (constructive interference).

The second window is almost exactly at 1 meter. This is the window for the baryons,

primarily the proton, and may also apply to the decay of light mesons such as charged

pions. We represent the first window with the symbol %. We represent the

second window with the symbol Ru (radial unit) or @ (rotational unit) because this

window involves a spiraling loop and results in orbits.

* Protons and neutrons are oscillations of the same particle. The proton/neutron

oscillation represents the fundamental particle family unit or ensemble, and is not

really a fundamental particle. But all experience depends on the EM exchanges of

photons between electrons, and electrons can only survive by virtue of the existence

of the proton/neutron ensemble. Thus we also refer to proton/neutrons as

fundamental. The electron is a component of the proton/neutron ensemble which is

able to project itself at a distance under certain conditions..

* Electrons and their antiparticles, the positrons, are photon vortexes that each

carry a fixed quantum of charge. They are the ONLY charged particles. All other

"charged" particles get their charge from electron/positron components in their

ensemble structure. As vortexes these leptons seem to arise from a focal point or

singularity, unlike neutrinos that are smeared out particles lacking in focus. As we

shall see, the electrons and positrons are the foci for the mass-energy of

proton/neutron ensembles. The proton or neutron is actually formed by a pair of

overlapping slightly ellipsoidal energy bubbles. But the vibration of the interaction

Screw the Zoo! (c) Douglass A. White, 2003 Page 4

is so fast that the whole ensemble effectively looks like a sphere.

* The neutrino complex consists of three quasi-particles (that we will write as ue,

um, ut). They have no charge and are formed by photon wave interference. They are

"stable" ripples in space/time. But, when they translate in linear fashion through

space, they tend to oscillate among the three main harmonics that relate them to the

charged leptons. When they are "bound" in a nucleus they function as "sidekicks" to

charged leptons. The electron antineutrino goes with the electron, the muon

antineutrino goes with the muon, and the tauon antineutrino goes with the tauon.

However, tauons occur as ensemble components only in exceedingly high-energy

particles. To date they have been identified only indirectly as pair production in

high-energy scattering processes. Note that the "sidekick" pairs are always

matter/antimatter pairs. (Thus the positron sidekick is the electron neutrino, which

should really be called the positron neutrino.)

* Electrons have charge because they are wave packets formed by photon vortexes

at singularities. The charge then localizes around a point. Neutrinos have no

charge because they are wave packets formed by photon beams that interfere as they

move in parallel. A good example is the solar neutrinos that stream through our planet

from the sun. These two fundamental types of interference produce the two main

types of particle: charged and uncharged. Only the vortex particles are charged.

* There is a fourth neutrino that is at least 13 times the mass of the tauon neutrino.

It is usually called the up quark. It is hard to measure "mass" in the case of the free

neutrinos because they move so fast and, lacking charge, do not interact very much,

so we only have some approximations. But the electron and muon neutrinos are

extremely light. They really only have mass in the form of "linear momentum" the

way photons do. We will propose a simple way to identify and study single "free"

quarks. (We already see them and study them in detail, but physicists just don't

know that that is what they are looking at.) The up-quark "neutrino" is too heavy to

be stable by itself, though further research may show that it does occur with a certain

probability in the neutrino oscillation patterns. Thus it occurs only in conjunction

with other particles confined as a super "sidekick" that we call "quark".

* The neutrino oscillation should occur at least at the "decay" rate for most

particles. But when one neutrino type can occur, its harmonics will also occur, and

the interference pattern will tend to cycle around through the harmonics. The

heavier the neutrino, the faster it should decay in the cycle. Thus the electron

Screw the Zoo! (c) Douglass A. White, 2003 Page 5

neutrino should be the most commonly observed form.

* In the formation of ensemble particles quarks often pair with antiquarks, and

electrons with positrons. Neutrinos tend to pair up as "sidekicks" to positrons, and

antineutrinos form the "sidekicks" of electrons. Thus, in our notation for particle

ensembles, whenever we record the presence of an electron or positron, we will

assume the presence of its corresponding neutrino sidekick and usually will leave the

neutrino notation out. The role of the neutrino is to work with the electrons and

manage the uncertainty that builds up as leptons crowd together.

* Up quarks and neutrinos are uncharged, and thus have strong bosonic tendencies.

So, among themselves they do not follow the uncertainty rules and Pauli exclusion

that apply to fermions.

* All six flavors of quarks (up, down, strange, charmed, bottom, and top) are up

quarks with various lepton entourages.

We will symbolize our fundamental particles as follows:

* (g) photon or gamma particle

* (g*) antiphoton or scion

* (e-) electron

* (e+) antielectron or positron

* (p+) proton

* (n) neutron

* (ue) neutrino

* (ue*) antineutrino (Like photons, neutrinos are their "own" antiparticles.)

* (ue = electron neutrino), (um = muon neutrino), (ut = tauon neutrino)

* (u) up quark

* (u*) anti-up quark (Like neutrinos, up quarks are their own antiparticles.)

We mark charge with a (+) or a (-) sign so we can keep track of the charges. The

positive charge automatically indicates an "antiparticle". The minus charge indicates

a particle. For uncharged particles the (*) indicates an antiparticle (a conjugate

particle). Disregarding the conjugate forms of particles and their various oscillations,

we now have a simple list of (stable) fundamental particles.

* (g), (ue), (e-), (u).

White - Observer Physics Simplifies Nuclear and Particle Physics (2003).pdf

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