thinkapjava.pdf

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Java Version 5.0.1

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Java Version 5.0.1

Allen B. Downey

Olin College

Needham, Massachusetts

Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under

the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later

version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,

with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license

is included in the appendix entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”

The GNU Free Documentation License is available from www.gnu.org or by

writing to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,

Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

The original form of this book is L A T E X source code. Compiling this L A T E X source

has the eect of generating a device-independent representation of a textbook,

which can be converted to other formats and printed.

The L A T E X source for this book is available from

http://greenteapress.com/thinkjava

This book was typeset using L A T E X and LyX. The illustrations were drawn in

xg. All of these are free, open-source programs.

Contents

1 The way of the program

1.1

What is a programming language? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2

What is a program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3

What is debugging? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.4

Formal and natural languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.5

The rst program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.6

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Variables and types

2.1

More printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.2

Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.3

Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4

Printing variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.5

Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.6

Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.7

Order of operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.8

Operators for Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.9

Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.10 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3 Methods

3.1

Floating-point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.2

Converting from double to int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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