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CTBUH
Review
ISSUE NO 4: Summer 2006
CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE
CENTRE, HONG KONG:
A DEVELOPER’S PERSPECTIVE
WIND ENGINEERING OF
THE BURJ DUBAI TOWER
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
WITH TWISTED FAÇADES
FIRM PROFILE:
SKIDMORE OWINGS & MERRILL
David
Scott,
CTBUH
Chairman
2006-2009
CTBUH NATIONAL LEADER PROFILES
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
CENTRE, HONG KONG
(
Image: courtesy Kohn Pedersen Fox PC)
United Arab Emirates:
Andy Davids,
Hyder Consulting, Dubai, UAE
Andy Davids is a director of the global consulting
engineering practice Hyder Consulting, and serves
on its global professional board. Hyder is
headquartered in London UK, and manages about
3000 staff in 20 offices around the world,
including over 900 in the Persian Gulf.
He is chief engineer of the Hyder high-rise design
Studio now based in Dubai and responsible for
many of Hyder’s high-rise projects around the world, including the
beautiful Emirates Towers in Dubai, which are the tallest buildings in
the Gulf.The Studio currently has seven towers between 60 levels
and 160 levels at various stages of design and construction for clients
in the Gulf and around the globe. Andy is responsible for the
structural design certification of the 160-level Burj Dubai Tower,
currently being built in Dubai.When completed in 2008, it will be the
tallest man-made construction in the world.
He is an Australian engineer by training and passion, but also holds a
PhD in engineering and an Adjunct Chair in architecture at the
University of Sydney, and serves on several international code
committees. He received the RW Chapman medal and Engineering
Excellence Award from the Institution of Engineers for his work, and
was recently cited as amongst the 100 most influential Australian
engineers.
Andy Davids lives in Dubai with his family, and travels the globe for
his projects.
ADavids.hyd@emaar.ae
www.hyderconsulting.com
Netherlands:
Jan Vambersky,
Senior Partner, Managing Director, Corsmit
Part-time Professor,Technology University of Delft
Jan Vambersky, born in 1945, obtained his
bachelor's degree in building and structural
engineering at the Academy of Technology in
Prague in 1963. He completed his master's
program at the Technical University (CVUT), also
in Prague, in 1969.
Jan began his career as a structural engineer with
Corsmit in 1972 after experience as a
contractor's site manager, structural engineer at an architects’ office
in Prague, and structural engineer at a large American engineering
office for the petro-chemical industry in Rotterdam. In 1976, he
became deputy director at Corsmit, and has been a director and
partner since 1979.
Since 1988, Jan Vambersky has served as a part-time professor of civil
engineering in the Department of Building Engineering at the
Technology University in Delft. He is also a member of ONRI
(FIDIC), KIVI, the FIB commission on prefabrication, the Dutch
Council on Tall Buildings (board member), the Dutch Concrete
Society, STUFIB (the Dutch Council on Concrete and Precast
Concrete), and the CTBUH, where he is on the steering group.
jv@corsmit.nl
www.corsmit.nl
www.tudelft.nl
2
CTBUH Review
Summer 2006
In This Issue
Chairman’s introduction
David Scott
2
The International Commerce Centre, Hong Kong:
a developer's perspective
Dr John WK Luk, Julia MK Lau,Tim MT Mak
12
Wind engineering of the Burj Dubai tower
Peter A Irwin,William F Baker
18
High-rise buildings with twisted façades
Dr Karel Vollers
23
Firm profile:
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
30
CTBUH Review
Issue No 4, Summer 2006
Editors: David J Brown, Zak Kostura
Design: Cody Andresen
Published by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat,
Illinois Institute of Technology - SR Crown Hall, 3360 South State Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616-3796 USA.
Phone: 1-312/909-0253. Fax: 1-610/419-0014
E-mail: info@ctbuh.org
© CTBUH 2006
CTBUH Review
Summer 2006
1
The Chairman
On 1 February 2006,
David Scott, a
Principal with Arup in
New York, took over
the role of Chairman
of the Council on Tall
Buildings and Urban
Habitat.This article
describes some of his
engineering history,
and his aims and
objectives for the
Council around
the world.
Today, the Council is the most prominent
international organization dedicated to sharing
information and opinions about tall buildings
and the urban infrastructure. Our membership
is unique, insofar as it is holistic; it covers the
whole range of professionals in the modern
construction industry: from developers,
builders, building officials, and project managers
to architects, engineers, and planners.
The great strength of our
organization is that it covers
the whole range of
professionals in the modern
construction industry.
This is the great strength of our organization
and gives us the opportunity to raise standards
and awareness of technical and commercial
issues across the construction industry. One of
the primary functions of the CTBUH is
communication. In today's booming
construction industry, we are building taller,
faster, and more unusually than ever before.
However, there is still a lack of awareness in
the industry on many aspects of tall building
design and construction, such as seismic design,
progressive collapse, fire performance,
designing for wind, sustainability, and research
on new structural systems.The Council plans
to help raise awareness and knowledge on the
key issues we currently deal with, to help us
design and build better buildings for the future.
It is a privilege and an honor to have been
elected as the new Chairman of the Council of
Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. I have
respected the Council throughout my career
and, like many of us who are passionate about
tall buildings, I have always felt I should
contribute more. It is a pleasure to find myself
immersed in the life of the Council, and the
purpose of this article is to introduce myself
to the members and outline how I propose to
serve and direct the Council during my
tenure as Chairman.
I first came across the Council in 1977, which
was a very significant year for me. I graduated
from Edinburgh University with top honors,
met my wonderful wife, Marion, and joined
Arup. Initially I worked with a team that was
just finishing off the design and construction of
the Hopewell Centre, which at 66 stories and
216m (709ft) would be the second tallest
building in Asia for almost 10 years (Fig 1).
2
CTBUH Review
Summer 2006
The Chairman
While it is easy to extrapolate from one
number, it is, for me, more difficult to imagine
why this would not happen rather than why it
would. Had we not been commissioned last
year on four projects taller than 500m (1640ft),
then perhaps I would not feel so bold.
Unfortunately, most of these schemes are
now defunct, although some are going ahead
in some form.
1.The Hopewell Centre, Hong Kong.
Perhaps much of the decision to go taller will
depend on the success of the Emaar
Properties' Burj Dubai, designed by SOM,
managed by Turner Construction and being
built by Samsung Construction. Rumored to be
somewhere between 700m and 800m (2297ft -
2625ft), this project is a step change in building
height. Now well under construction, the
success of the Burj will have a significant
influence in how future major projects, both
taller and smaller, are designed.The Council is
very fortunate that Emaar, SOM,Turner,
Samsung, and many of the other professionals
involved in this project are great supporters of
the Council and have published and presented
papers at our recent World Congress.
[Please
see the interesting article about the wind tunnel
testing of the Burj in this edition of the
Review
.]
We look forward to more papers and feedback
from the designers and builders as the job
progresses.
At the time, Duncan Michael from Arup, who
led the tower design, was strongly involved in
the Council, which at the time was already
recognized as a major source of knowledge for
tall building design. Because there were few
buildings of such a size in the world, we were
keen to learn and understand how other
engineers were approaching tall building design.
We used the Council to learn from our
predecessors and to publish our successes.
LEARNING FROM THE PAST
While I have enjoyed most of the projects I
worked on, there are several that had a real
influence on the way I think about structures.
The first of these was the Wye Bridge at
Chepstow, which is a wonderful wrought-iron
and cast-iron vierendeel arch bridge that spans
over the River Wye at the border between
England and Wales (Fig 2). It is a five-span
bridge 372 ft (113m) in length, with the span of
the center arch being 112 ft (34 m).
It is the same story today, but the heights are
different.The second tallest building in Asia is
now Petronas Towers at 452m (1483ft), more
than double the height of the Hopewell Center.
It would not be surprising to me in another 30
years to find that the second tallest tower was
double that height again, 900m (2952ft), and
even double again in another 30 years to
1800m (5904ft). By that reckoning Frank Lloyd
Wright's mile high tower will be realized
sometime in the late 2050s.
CTBUH Review
Summer 2006
3
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