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Managing IP Networks With Cisco Routers
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Managing IP Networks with Cisco Routers
Scott M. Ballew
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo
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Managing IP Networks with Cisco Routers
by Scott M. Ballow
Copyright
1997 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Editor: Mike Loukides
Production Editor: Jane Ellin
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Printing History:
October 1997: First Edition.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks
and The Java Series is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. The use of the donkey image in
association with Managing IP Networks with Cisco Routers is a trademark of O'Reilly &
Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their
products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly
& Associates, Inc. was aware of the trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps
or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
contained herein.
ISBN: 1-56592-320-0 [1/00]
[M]
Page v
Table of Contents
Preface
ix
1. The Basics of IP Networking
1
Addresses and Networks
2
Private and Public Addresses
14
The IP Routing Algorithm
18
Domain Names and the Domain Name System
22
2. Network Design—Part 1
27
Stating Your Goals—An Important First Step
28
Network Architecture—How It All Fits Together
29
Media Selection—What Goes Where?
30
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Physical Topology
46
3. Network Design—Part 2
53
Hubs, Bridges, Switches, and Routers
53
Router Placement
60
Subnet Assignment and Mask Selection
62
Proxy ARP as an Alternative to Subnets
72
Redundancy and Fault Tolerance
76
What About Multi-Protocol Networking?
80
4. Selecting Network Equipment
83
What Is an IP Router?
84
Router Selection Criteria
86
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5. Routing Protocol Selection
113
Static vs. Dynamic Routing
113
Classification of Dynamic Routing Protocols
121
Selecting a Routing Protocol
131
6. Routing Protocol Configuration
133
Basic Configurations
134
Propagating Static Routes
139
Using Variable-Length Subnet Masks with a Classful Protocol
141
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Backup Static Routes
143
Suppressing Advertisements
151
Restricting Sources of Routing Information
152
Filtering Specific Routes from an Update
155
Dynamic Routing with Multiple Paths
160
Using Multiple Routing Protocols at the Same Time
165
7. The Non-Technical Side of Network Management
169
How You View Your Network
169
Defining the Boundaries of Your Network
170
Staff Skills
173
Costs
176
Establishing a Help Desk
178
8. The Technical Side of Network Management
183
Monitoring the Network
183
Troubleshooting
192
Tools for Monitoring and Troubleshooting
200
Change Management
219
9. Connecting to the Outside World
231
Planning Links to Other Organizations and the Internet
231
How Do I Connect to the Internet?
234
Addresses
236
External Routing
240
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Permanent or On-Demand?
254
10. Network Security
256
What Is Security?
256
Assessing Your Security Needs
258
Controlling Access
259
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Enhancing Privacy
274
Maintaining Data Integrity
280
Preventing Denial of Service
282
Other Security Concerns
284
A. Configuring Interfaces
287
B. Where and How to Get New RFCs
307
C. Obtaining Internet Drafts
309
D. Obtaining IP Addresses
311
Index
315
Page ix
Preface
There are many good books on system administration, whether for UNIX, Windows, or what
have you. There are also many good books on administering different network services, such as
the Network File System, the Domain Name System, the World Wide Web, and many email
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