strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf

“Strategic Concept

For the Defence and Security of The Members of the North Atlantic Treaty

Organisation”

Adopted by Heads of State and Government in Lisbon

Active Engagement, Modern Defence

Preface

We, the Heads of State and Government of the NATO nations, are

determined that NATO will continue to play its unique and essential role in

ensuring our common defence and security. This Strategic Concept will guide

the next phase in NATO’s evolution, so that it continues to be effective in a

changing world, against new threats, with new capabilities and new partners:

• It reconfirms the bond between our nations to defend one another against

attack, including against new threats to the safety of our citizens.

• It commits the Alliance to prevent crises, manage conflicts and stabilize

post-conflict situations, including by working more closely with our

international partners, most importantly the United Nations and the

European Union.

• It offers our partners around the globe more political engagement with the

Alliance, and a substantial role in shaping the NATO-led operations to

which they contribute.

• It commits NATO to the goal of creating the conditions for a world without

nuclear weapons – but reconfirms that, as long as there are nuclear

weapons in the world, NATO will remain a nuclear Alliance.

• It restates our firm commitment to keep the door to NATO open to all

European democracies that meet the standards of membership, because

enlargement contributes to our goal of a Europe whole, free and at peace.

• It commits NATO to continuous reform towards a more effective, efficient

and flexible Alliance, so that our taxpayers get the most security for the

money they invest in defence.

The citizens of our countries rely on NATO to defend Allied nations, to deploy

robust military forces where and when required for our security, and to help

promote common security with our partners around the globe. While the

world is changing, NATO’s essential mission will remain the same: to ensure

that the Alliance remains an unparalleled community of freedom, peace,

security and shared values.

***

Core Tasks and Principles

1. NATO’s fundamental and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and

security of all its members by political and military means. Today, the

Alliance remains an essential source of stability in an unpredictable world.

2. NATO member states form a unique community of values, committed to the

principles of individual liberty, democracy, human rights and the rule of law.

The Alliance is firmly committed to the purposes and principles of the Charter

of the United Nations, and to the Washington Treaty, which affirms the

primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of

international peace and security.

3. The political and military bonds between Europe and North America have

been forged in NATO since the Alliance was founded in 1949; the

transatlantic link remains as strong, and as important to the preservation of

Euro-Atlantic peace and security, as ever. The security of NATO members

on both sides of the Atlantic is indivisible. We will continue to defend it

together, on the basis of solidarity, shared purpose and fair burden-sharing.

4. The modern security environment contains a broad and evolving set of

challenges to the security of NATO’s territory and populations. In order to

assure their security, the Alliance must and will continue fulfilling effectively

three essential core tasks, all of which contribute to safeguarding Alliance

members, and always in accordance with international law:

a. Collective defence . NATO members will always assist each other

against attack, in accordance with Article 5 of the Washington

Treaty. That commitment remains firm and binding. NATO will

deter and defend against any threat of aggression, and against

emerging security challenges where they threaten the fundamental

security of individual Allies or the Alliance as a whole.

b. Crisis management . NATO has a unique and robust set of

political and military capabilities to address the full spectrum of

crises – before, during and after conflicts. NATO will actively

employ an appropriate mix of those political and military tools to

help manage developing crises that have the potential to affect

Alliance security, before they escalate into conflicts; to stop ongoing

conflicts where they affect Alliance security; and to help consolidate

stability in post-conflict situations where that contributes to Euro-

Atlantic security.

c. Cooperative security . The Alliance is affected by, and can affect,

political and security developments beyond its borders. The

Alliance will engage actively to enhance international security,

through partnership with relevant countries and other international

organisations; by contributing actively to arms control, non-

proliferation and disarmament; and by keeping the door to

membership in the Alliance open to all European democracies that

meet NATO’s standards.

5. NATO remains the unique and essential transatlantic forum for consultations

on all matters that affect the territorial integrity, political independence and

security of its members, as set out in Article 4 of the Washington Treaty. Any

security issue of interest to any Ally can be brought to the NATO table, to

share information, exchange views and, where appropriate, forge common

approaches.

The Security Environment

7. Today, the Euro-Atlantic area is at peace and the threat of a conventional

attack against NATO territory is low. That is an historic success for the

policies of robust defence, Euro-Atlantic integration and active partnership

that have guided NATO for more than half a century.

8. However, the conventional threat cannot be ignored. Many regions and

countries around the world are witnessing the acquisition of substantial,

modern military capabilities with consequences for international stability and

Euro-Atlantic security that are difficult to predict. This includes the

proliferation of ballistic missiles, which poses a real and growing threat to the

Euro-Atlantic area.

9. The proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction,

and their means of delivery, threatens incalculable consequences for global

stability and prosperity. During the next decade, proliferation will be most

acute in some of the world’s most volatile regions.

10. Terrorism poses a direct threat to the security of the citizens of NATO

countries, and to international stability and prosperity more broadly. Extremist

groups continue to spread to, and in, areas of strategic importance to the

Alliance, and modern technology increases the threat and potential impact of

terrorist attacks, in particular if terrorists were to acquire nuclear, chemical,

biological or radiological capabilities.

11. Instability or conflict beyond NATO borders can directly threaten Alliance

security, including by fostering extremism, terrorism, and trans-national illegal

activities such as trafficking in arms, narcotics and people .

6. In order to carry out the full range of NATO missions as effectively and

efficiently as possible, Allies will engage in a continuous process of reform,

modernisation and transformation.

12. Cyber attacks are becoming more frequent, more organised and more costly

in the damage that they inflict on government administrations, businesses,

economies and potentially also transportation and supply networks and other

critical infrastructure; they can reach a threshold that threatens national and

Euro-Atlantic prosperity, security and stability. Foreign militaries and

intelligence services, organised criminals, terrorist and/or extremist groups

can each be the source of such attacks.

13. All countries are increasingly reliant on the vital communication, transport and

transit routes on which international trade, energy security and prosperity

depend. They require greater international efforts to ensure their resilience

against attack or disruption. Some NATO countries will become more

dependent on foreign energy suppliers and in some cases, on foreign energy

supply and distribution networks for their energy needs. As a larger share of

world consumption is transported across the globe, energy supplies are

increasingly exposed to disruption.

14. A number of significant technology-related trends – including the development

of laser weapons, electronic warfare and technologies that impede access to

space – appear poised to have major global effects that will impact on NATO

military planning and operations.

15. Key environmental and resource constraints, including health risks, climate

change, water scarcity and increasing energy needs will further shape the

future security environment in areas of concern to NATO and have the

potential to significantly affect NATO planning and operations.

Defence and Deterrence

16. The greatest responsibility of the Alliance is to protect and defend our territory

and our populations against attack, as set out in Article 5 of the Washington

Treaty. The Alliance does not consider any country to be its adversary.

However, no one should doubt NATO’s resolve if the security of any of its

members were to be threatened.

17. Deterrence, based on an appropriate mix of nuclear and conventional

capabilities, remains a core element of our overall strategy. The

circumstances in which any use of nuclear weapons might have to be

contemplated are extremely remote. As long as nuclear weapons exist,

NATO will remain a nuclear alliance.

18. The supreme guarantee of the security of the Allies is provided by the

strategic nuclear forces of the Alliance, particularly those of the United States;

the independent strategic nuclear forces of the United Kingdom and France,

which have a deterrent role of their own, contribute to the overall deterrence

and security of the Allies.

19. We will ensure that NATO has the full range of capabilities necessary to deter

and defend against any threat to the safety and security of our populations.

Therefore, we will:

• maintain an appropriate mix of nuclear and conventional forces;

• maintain the ability to sustain concurrent major joint operations and

several smaller operations for collective defence and crisis

response, including at strategic distance;

• develop and maintain robust, mobile and deployable conventional

forces to carry out both our Article 5 responsibilities and the

Alliance’s expeditionary operations, including with the NATO

Response Force;

• carry out the necessary training, exercises, contingency planning

and information exchange for assuring our defence against the full

range of conventional and emerging security challenges, and

provide appropriate visible assurance and reinforcement for all

Allies;

• ensure the broadest possible participation of Allies in collective

defence planning on nuclear roles, in peacetime basing of nuclear

forces, and in command, control and consultation arrangements;

• develop the capability to defend our populations and territories

against ballistic missile attack as a core element of our collective

defence, which contributes to the indivisible security of the Alliance.

We will actively seek cooperation on missile defence with Russia

and other Euro-Atlantic partners;

• further develop NATO’s capacity to defend against the threat of

chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons of mass

destruction;

• develop further our ability to prevent, detect, defend against and

recover from cyber-attacks, including by using the NATO planning

process to enhance and coordinate national cyber-defence

capabilities, bringing all NATO bodies under centralized cyber

protection, and better integrating NATO cyber awareness, warning

and response with member nations;

• enhance the capacity to detect and defend against international

terrorism, including through enhanced analysis of the threat, more

consultations with our partners, and the development of appropriate

military capabilities, including to help train local forces to fight

terrorism themselves;

• develop the capacity to contribute to energy security, including

protection of critical energy infrastructure and transit areas and

lines, cooperation with partners, and consultations among Allies on

the basis of strategic assessments and contingency planning;

• ensure that the Alliance is at the front edge in assessing the

security impact of emerging technologies, and that military planning

takes the potential threats into account;

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