słownictwo do advanced 504 -480.doc

JV504 (Elicit and Forthright)

ELICIT =
1. to draw out; 2. to call forth, to obtain or produce something, especially information or a reaction

Synonyms:
educe, evoke, draw out, extract, exact, obtain

Antonyms:
suppress, cover, hide

Examples:
- Marc’s accouncement that his lessons were canceled for the day elicited applause from nearly all the students.
- Jim was giving Liz the silent treatment, and she could not elicit a
response from him to any of her questions.
- She tried to elicit sympathy by breaking down in tears during the meeting.
- Geert Wilders attack on the rights of immigrants elicited cries of outrage from some left-wing politicians.

FORTHRIGHT = Honest, direct, and not evasive in expressing one’s thoughts or feeling.

Synonyms:
direct, honest, sincere, straightforward, frank, candid

Antonyms:
indirect, dishonest, deceitful, insincere

Examples:
- When giving a performance review, Frank has to be forthright, so Frank often
provides his employees with constructive criticism.
- Marc’s forthright manner can be mistaken for rudeness.
- Lisa admires his forthright way of dealing with people.
- She’s pretty forthright about her opinions.

JV503 (Paradigm and Officious)

PARADIGM = 1. a model or a representative example; 2. in science, a theoretical framework. 3. a very clear or typical example used as a model.

Synonyms:
model, example, pattern, archetype, prototype

Antonyms:
anomaly

Examples:
- Marc is a teacher and he kept the student’s essay as a paradigm for future students to emulate.
- The billionaire’s ruthless accumulation of wealth stands as a paradigm of greed in the business world .
- The move from Newtonian physics to Einstein’s relativism represented a
major paradigm shift in physics.
- In order to compete in today’s economy, many companies will require a paradigm shift in the way they do business.

OFFICIOUS = 1.meddlesome and interfering:characteristic of somebody who is eager to give unwanted help or advice. 2.unofficial or informal, especially in political or diplomatic dealings. 1. interfering and being in the way;

Synonyms:
meddlesome, interfering, intrusive, self-important, unofficial, informal, casual

Antonyms:
shy, helpful

Examples:
- The ministers met in an officious setting, keeping things casual, since it was Sunday.
- Lisa is really trying to impress her boss. Unfortunately, her boss thought Lisa was more officious than efficient.
- Joanne said she wanted to help Marc prepare the meal, but she just made an officious nuisance of herself.

JV502 (Remiss and Posterity)

REMISS = careless or negligent about an expected duty, not doing a duty well enough:

Synonyms:
culpable, delinquent, heedless, negligent, slack, careless

Antonyms:
responsible, dutiful, diligent, attentive

Examples:
- Frank’s character is marked by carelessness. The other day Frank was remiss in not informing Marc about his Dad’s message.
- Lisa was remiss in the overuse of John’s credit card for recreational purposes.
- It was remiss of me not to pay my bills on time, and now I’m stuck with late payment fees.
- It was remiss of you to miss your deadline.
- You have been remiss in your duties.
- It was remiss of me to forget to give you the message.
- I would be remiss if I didn’t mention it.

POSTERITY =

Definition:
1. generations to come in the future; 2. all of a person’s descendants

Synonyms:
offspring, future generations, descendants, progeny

Antonyms:
ancestors

Examples:
- The President’s most fundamental duty is to create and preserve freedom
for us and our posterity.
- My grandma is documented all her philosophical ideas for posterity.
- These recollections of the war were recorded for posterity.
- The popular singer songwriter wrote his memoir for posterity.
- The museum guaranteed that every attempt is being made to ensure that Van Gogh’s paintings are preserved for posterity.

JV501 (Mundane and Egocentric)

MUNDANE = 1. ordinary or commonplace; 2. relating to or of the world

Synonyms:
ordinary, commonplace, banal, everyday, dull, earthly

Antonyms:
unusual, rare, extraordinary, heavenly

Examples:
- Marc’s life consisted only of the same, mundane routing, until Marc started taking sailing lessons. Marc is now planning to sail around the world.
- Despite the fact that his office cubicle was rather mundane, Paul
enjoyed having his own semi-private space in which to work.
- Many people were shocked to hear that the lead singer rock and roll band actually lived a very mundane lifestyle, off stage.
- Mary doesn’t like to waste her time worrying about mundane affairs like
politics; she prefer to study religion and more spiritual matters.
- Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.

EGOCENTRIC = selfish, self-centered, and concerned only with personal needs rather than the needs of others

Synonyms:
selfish, self-centered, egotistic

Antonyms:
selfless

Examples:
- At SyncMyMail.com we work like a team: that kind of egocentric attitude will not be accepted!
- Lisa was vain and egocentric, always putting herself first.
- The tycoon billionaire is so egocentric, he places his name on everything.
- Babies are entirely egocentric, concerned only with when they’ll next be fed.

JV500!! (Palatial and Odious)

PALATIAL =
luxurious and/or grand, like a palace. This adjective describes a house that is very large and splendid

Synonyms:
grand, deluxe, impressive, regal, rich, luxurious, plush, opulent, stately, imposing

Examples:
- The Karel V hotel is known for its palatial elegance.
- The palatial, 130-room mansion is the most expensive home in the city.
- I don’t need a palatial home in an exclusive neighborhood; a little
beach cottage is enough to make me happy.
- Martin recently bought a palatial new apartment in New York.

ODIOUS =
provoking hatred, contempt, or disgust

Synonyms:
hateful, contemptible, detestable, loathsome, vile, disgusting, repulsive, offensive

Antonyms:
lovable

Examples:
- The man committed an odious crime for which he should be severely punished.
- There are few things as odious to him as racism.
- The smell was odious, I couldn’t stand it.
- Marc made an odious and unforgivable insult

JV499 (Garish and Facetious)

GARISH = gaudy, flashy, showy, or brightly and vividly colored

Synonyms:
gaudy, tacky, tasteless, tawdry, showy, flashy, flamboyant, ornate

Antonyms:
elegant, tasteful, muted, simple, plain, modest

Examples:
- Looking back at old photos, the woman laughed at the garish pink and
orange gown she had worn to her high school prom.
- Frank arrived in a garish, electric blue, 24-person limousine.
- Little Richard is known for wearing garish capes and clothes that make
him stick out, even in a crowd of celebrities.
- I’m embarrassed to admit it, but I had a pair of garish, neon green jeans in high school.
- Jeremy wore a pair of garish Bermuda shorts.
- The coffee shop, painted a garish pink, is a landmark in the neighborhood.
- the wedding guestÊs thick makeup was garish and unnecessary.

FACETIOUS = humerous in a sarcastic way. not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be amusing or to appear clever. not seriously meaning what you say, usually in an attempt to be humorous or to trick someone

Synonyms:
humorous, clever, sarcastic, ironic, witty, silly, jocose

Antonyms:
serious, matter-of-fact, lugubrious

Examples:
- Marc told me he didnât like the movie at all, so he must have been facetious when he recommended it to his friends.
- Lisa’s facetious remarks made it clear that she wasnât taking the meeting seriously.
- I make so much money that we never have to worry – I’m being facetious.
- Sometimes John makes jokes with such a serious expression on his face, I can’t tell whether he’s being serious or facetious.
- “We could spend all our income on health care,” she said facetiously.
 

JV498 (Kindle and Hierarchy)

KINDLE =
1. to start a fire; 2. to excite or arouse

Synonyms:
ignite, flame, blaze, light, flare, awaken, arouse, excite

Antonyms:
deaden, inhibit, extinguish

Examples:
- Al Gore made a movie to kindle awareness about global warming.
- Two years after their divorce, Mark tried to rekindle his relationship with his ex-wife.
- Traveling to the Galapagos islands as a teenager kindled my interest in become a marine biologist.
- Lisa’s imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her.

HIERARCHY = 1. an organization of a group of people or things, arranged
according to rank or importance; 2. the people who determine and run a
hierarchy ranking system, especially in the clergy

Synonyms:
ranking, order, level, regime, ministry, administration, office

Examples:
- Marc hopes to rise through the hierarchy quickly and become a manager at a young age.
- If you want to get a permit, you will have to appeal to the appropriate department in the hierarchy.
- My boss always said: if you put honesty first in your hierarchy of values, you can never go wrong in life.
- Some monkeys have a very complex social hierarchy.
- The Dutch politician rose quickly through the political hierarchy to become a minister.

 

JV497 (Impervious and Legacy)

IMPERVIOUS =
1. not affected by outside influence, remaining unaffected by other’s
opinions, arguments, suggestions, etc.; 2. unable to be penetrated or
not allowing passage into or through something; 3. unable to be injured
or damaged.
1. not responsive: remaining unmoved and unaffected by other people’s opinions, arguments, or suggestions

Synonyms:
impenetrable, impermeable, resistant, unaffected, invulnerable, unmoved

Antonyms:
responsive, vulnerable, penetrable

Examples:
- Frank seemed impervious to pain as he hiked down Tablemountain with a sprained ankle.
- Marc seemed to be impervious to the criticism made against him and
continued with his same modus operendi.
- My thermal blanket forms an impervious shield from the cold and enables me to sleep warmly through the night.
- The CEO was impervious to the growing resentment among the staff.
- Granite is almost impervious to acid rain damage.

LEGACY = 1. money or property left through a will; 2. something handed down from one person or generation to another. 1.bequest made in will:money or property that is left to somebody in a will. 2.something from past:something that is handed down or remains from a previous generation or time.

Synonyms:
grant, bequest, gift, bestowal, heritage, inheritance

Examples:
- The company founders left a legacy of competitive spirit that lives on in this corporation.
- Since my old neighbour had no immediate family, he left a large legacy to his favorite charity.
- The Greeks have a rich legacy of philosophical works.
- The war has left a legacy of hatred.
 

JV496 (Pallor and Paradox)

PALLOR = noun an unhealthy pale appearance.
an unnatural color of pale, where the person looks sick or unhealthy (adjective = PALLID = very pale, in a way that looks unattractive and unhealthy)

Synonyms:
paleness

Antonyms:
tan, glow

Examples:
- Next to Marc’s tanned face, Joanne’s seemed pallid and unhealthy.
- Actually the deathly pallor of Joanne’s skin was frightening.
- We knew Joanne was sick as soon as we saw the pallor of her face.
- This is a pallid production of what should be a great ballet.

PARADOX = (noun)
1. a situation or statement which seems difficult to
understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics;
2. a statement or idea that contradicts itself; 3. a person who has
qualities that are contradictory; 4. something that conflicts with
common opinion or belief

Synonyms:
contradiction, inconsistency, incongruity, reversal, puzzle, dilemma, oxymoron

Antonyms:
consistency, congruity, coherence, agreement

Examples:
- It seems a paradox that exercise promotes energy, while remaining inactive drains it.
- It is a paradox that technology increases communication, yet can tend
to make people feel isolated.
- It seems paradoxical to me, but if you drink a cup of hot tea it seems to cool you down.
- The old paradox of fighting a war for peace.
- It’s a curious paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.

JV495 (Myopic and Oscillate)

MYOPIC = (adjective)
1. being nearsighted–having myopia; 2. lacking foresight or understanding, unable to understand a situation or the way actions will affect it in the future.

MYOPIA = noun 1 short-sightedness. 2 lack of foresight or intellectual insight

Synonyms:
nearsighted, short-sighted, narrow-minded, closed-minded

Antonyms:
provident

Examples:
- While baseball managers sometimes see less successful teams as being
capable of developing future talent, fans tend to be more myopic,
wanting to win now.
- The myopic child was reluctant to participate in school because she could not clearly see the blackboard.
- The Prime-Minister had a very myopic vision for the country, which neglected to address
future problems like Social Security and Health care.
- Joanne’s myopic and unimaginative thinking would never produce any great ideas.
- The Dutch government myopic refusal to act now will undoubtedly cause problems in the future. (unable to understand a situation or the way actions will affect it in the future:)

OSCILLATE = (verb) 1. to move from side to side; 2. to be undecided and waver back and forth about a decision or opinion. to move repeatedly from side to side or up and down between two points, or to vary between two feelings or opinions

Synonyms:
swing, undulate, sway, change, pendulate, waver, fluctuate, teeter, vacillate, alternate

Antonyms:
remain, stay, settle

Examples:
- Thanks to the oscillating fan in the office, my and my colleagues stayed cool.
- Lisa’s emotions oscillated between love and hate.
- The needle on the dial of the old car oscillated between ‘full’ and ‘empty’.
- Marc won’t oscillate on his decision; he’s going to stand firm.

JV494 (Insubordinate and Lustrous)

INSUBORDINATE =
(n.) a person who does not submit to authority or follow orders; (adj.) not submitting to authority, disobedient or rebellious:refusing to obey orders or submit to authority

Synonyms:
(adj.) defiant, disobedient, disorderly, rebellious, antagonistic, insurgent

Antonyms:
(adj.) subordinate, complaisant, harmonious, agreeable

Examples:
- Because the marine never followed his captain’s orders, he was considered an insubordinate.
- Joanne defended her insubordinate behavior by exposing corruption in high places
- When Lisa’s boss told him to file the report, she decided to be insubordinate and not follow the order.
- Military personnel who do not follow orders could be charged with insubordination.
- Mark had a life-long history of being insubordinate toward his
employers, and therefore, had a difficult time finding work when he was
fired.

LUSTROUS =
shining or gleaming

Synonyms:
shining, glowing, gleaming, bright, glossy, luminous, radiant, burnished, brilliant

Antonyms:
dull

Examples:
- My girlfriend has a conditioner that gives her hair a lustrous glow.
- Phoebe gave Joey an endearing smile and tossed her long, lustrous hair.
- Using our brand of furniture polish will give your tables a lustrous glow.
- The supporting actress gave a truly lustrous performance and stole the show from the star.
- Each night, Lisa brushed her long hair until it was soft and lustrous.

JV493 (Homage and Impertinent)

HOMAGE = something done to show respect and deference–a show of reverence

Synonyms:
honor, deference, reverence, adulation, loyalty, respect, admiration, allegiance, honor

Antonyms:
disrespect

Examples:
- In 2009 a lot of scientists will pay homage to Charles Darwin for his achievements in his field of research 200 years ago.
- Micheal paid homage to his ancestors by maintaining as many of his family’s traditions as he could.
- The actor was given a star on the Hollywood walk of fame in homage to
his celebrity and his many achievements.
- When Ronald Reagan died, thousands of people all over the world came to pay him homage.

IMPERTINENT =
1. brash, especially in showing disrespect to a superior or to someone
older; 2. not relevant, not pertinent to the discussion or issue at hand.

Synonyms: insolent, rude, impudent, impolite,
brash, brazen, audacious, irrelevant, extraneous, foreign, immaterial,
inapplicable, inapposite, irrelative

Antonyms:
pertinent, respectful, polite, relevant, applicable

Examples:
- Marc was impertinent when he asked if she was married.
- The impertinent little boy was bossing his babysitter around, telling
her where he wanted to go and what he wanted to do.
- Lisa even had the impertinence to...