Aron Nimzowitsch - Blockade - New Perspectives.pdf
(
2445 KB
)
Pobierz
354222384 UNPDF
BLOCKADE
New
Perspecti
ves
by
Aron
Ninrzowitsclr
Iatedby
Dr.
JosephPlatz
USCFMaster
Emeri
tus
1980
ENTTRPRISES,
1NC.
CORAOPOLIS,
PENNSYLVAN
I A
Trans
CHESS
Copyright
1980,
1983
bvChess
Enterprises,
lnc'
Editor:
B.G.Dudley
Publisher'sForeword
tsBN 0-9
3'1462'07-X
inBerlinandLenin-
gradeditionsin1925.
Hischiefwork,lvly
System,appeared
firstpublished
book,appearing
thesame
year
this
smaller
work. Copiesof theoriginaledition
have
becomeveryscarceandthe bookhadneverbeentranslated
Jr.
Witlalis
Burke
Associates,
lnc'
into English.
I wasveryfortunatethat my
goodfriend,
Dr.Joseph
Platz,readily
agreed
Pittsburgh,
PA
to
handle
thetranslation
from hisnativetongueinto English.Nimzowitsch
is
This
isan Engtish
translation
of the
1925B' Kagan'
Berlin,eclition,
This
1983revision
is the third
pflnttng,
wellknownaswritingwith considerable
verveandcomplexidiomaticcon-
evenmoredifficultthanordinarily.Dr.
Platzhashandledhischailenging
taskadmirably.
Nimzowitschmakesreference
in
"Blockade"
to threeof hiscontemporary
magazine
to furtherelucidatehis
points.
Wehaveincluded
transla'
tionsfrom thesearticles
to
permit
today'sreader
to havereadyaccess
to these
suoplementalmaterials.
SinceNimzowitschhadcompletedwritingMy System
prior
to thisbook
there
isnaturallysignificantcongruityin concepts.
However,I
amcertain
that
today'schessstudents
will welcome
theopportunityof
further
studyof
thewritingsof the chessmasterwho hasbeenproperlynamed
"The
Fatherof
Modern
Chess".
With reference
"Blockade"
hasbeencontinued
to thevariedspellingsof the author'sname,the useadopted
in
theoriginal
inthisedition.
This
isNimzowitsch's
and
quickly
overshadowed
Cover
Design:
E-F.Witalis,
structionswhichmaketranslations
articles
By
blockade
I refer
to themechanicalobstruction
of
anenernypawn
by a
piece.
Thismechanical
restriction
of forwardprogress
is
accomplished
b,
placing
one'sown
piece
on
thesquare
jn
front
of the
pawn
to be
immediately
in thediag.am,
theBlackpawn
on d5 is
beinqorocK_
aded
by
a Whiteknight
on d4.
Diagram
1
A
:
It iscustomary
-
at leastamong
masters
_
to
blockadeanenemv
passeo
pawn;but
to my knowledgeno
attempthasbeen
madeto
justify
the necessity
of thismeasure
on a theoretical
basis.To find
sucha
justification
would
meanthe
solutionof the problemt
,,Blockade,,.
Onegetsa little
closerto an
understanding
of the
problem
to whichI have
into theessential
behaviorof the pawn.
Un-
doubtedly
oneof itsspecificcharacteristics
isitstremendous
lustto expand,
thedesire
to stormforward.
Thefreecenter
clearlydemonstrates
I
howthts
tendency
of the
pawn
to gain
in importance
by advancing
works.
For
example,
thefollowinggame
played
at odds,which
in-
cidentally
waspreviously
unpublished.
let
usexamine
.7-
White:
A. Nimzowitsch
Black:Amateur
Playedat Riga
in 1910
(Remove
White'sRa1,andplace
.
thepawn
ata3)
1e2-e4
e7-e5
2 Ns1.f3
Nb8_c6
3
Bf1-c4
Bf8-c5
4
c2-c3
Ng8_f6
-
As
weshall
see,Blackiswilling
to
give
up
hise-pawn.But
thentheWhite
it would have
beenmoreprudent
to
shout."stop!"
to the
White
pawn-avalanche
lowed:
by playing
4...02_aO.
ifrere rof_
e5xd4
Bc5-b6
",^1,!,"
.l:"* on b4 isnor possibte
due
to the
pawn
on
a3. Thisfactweakens
5 d2-d4
6 c3xd4
!,quK
s.oerense.
tt the pawn
hadbeenon a2,
thischeck
on b4wouldgive
orack
time
to capture
White's
pawn
one4.
Andthatwould
beanexcJllent
'"irnce
to
hinderthe
pawn
movementbecause
_
asI
usedto sayjokingly
wnlle
in
pain-
years
of experiencehasproven
thata
dead
parn
_
"r*o,
blockaded.
For
example,
just
referred
whenonedelves
center
becomes
mobilized.Therefore
anymore.Butnow,
afterthemove6...Bb6,
theWhite
pawn
rolrcr
Position
after Black's 11thmove:
setsitselfinto motion.
7 d+d5
NcGeT
tTzt
"/Z.z
lustto ex.
pand
but wealsohavethe
opportunityof seeingwhatismeantby its
possible
advance.Hadthe knightretreated
thislittlegame,
wenotonlyelucidate
onthe
pawn's
.N
'&
to b8
or movedto a5,it wouldhavebeen
thrownback.or elsehavebeendisplaced.Thuswe note:
(a)
thetendency
'4.t
72A7,
%
tt4t
+
Diagram
2
%
to advance
originates
partially
from
thewishto demobr-
%
,x
lize
theenemy.
(b)
the intention
of stormingforwardwith the pawns,
in order
-
to get
ridofthem.Almostasuicidial
tendency.
don'tyou
think?No,noraI
in
thewayof itsown
pieces.
lt robsthe pieces
of theirroutes
jnto
enemv
territory,andthereforeby itsadvance,
the
pawn
in itsessence
isalsoa blocking
unit,it stands
itstendency
towardself-destruc.
1t od1.b3!
12 Bc4xlTt
Nf2xhl
Ke8-f8
To summa-
rize
(b):
it isthewishto gainlinesfor the pieces(rooks!)
whichwere
posted
in hometerritoryby advancing
throughstrength
andself-assertiveness.
13 Bc1-95
Resigns.
the opponent
wasthe mainactorin thissmatl
drama.
But it was
nothingelsethanthewedgeresulting
for
a breakthrough.And finally
from the
pawn
march
(c)
it isalso
possible
to form a wedgeby
advancing
the
pawns.
e4e5.d4-d5d6.etc.
To summarize
Nowto continuewith the game:
8
e4-e5
The
pawns'lust
to expand.especially
thefundamentalmotivesof
the
pawn
advance
in thecenter:
thecenter
pawns,
isso
strongthat it
(a)
demobilization
of theoooonent
(b)
opening
of lines
{c) restraint
that
of development
(for
instance,by Nc3). Nc3would
of coursebeweakbecause
another
veryimportant
principle,
of
theanswer
throughwedge-formation
Now
letuslookat a differentkind
of
pawn,
anextremelymobile
one.the
passed
sincethe mostthatcould
beinitiatedisa
ljneclearance,mentjonedunder
(b).
8ut thiswouldbetoo little
sinceWhite
isentitled
to
play
for a wedge
(c)
which
mightleadto a breakthrough.
There
followed:
pawn,
Whileit seemsdifficult
to hampera freecenter
in the longrun,
it
ismuch
easier
to restrain
the march
of a
passedpawn.
In anvcase
it ii
to
setrules
for
the latter
casethanfor thefirstone.
Whv? Wetl
the
free(mobile)
centerisonlya singlecaseof a
,,pawn
majority". iheoreti-
cally
we
maytalk abouta pawnmajority
jn
thecenter,there
beingno reason
why
wecan
only speakof a
player
havinga
pawn
majoritvon
oneof the
wrngs,
lf,
however.ourdefinitionof thefree
centeristrulv equivalent
8....
Nf6e4
Black
plays
he
wantsto hinderthedevelopment
of hisopponentby d5-d6,
andthusvirtually
kill
the b;shopon c8. In theensueing
strugglebetween
for
material
gain
whileWhitefollows
anidealistic
course,
two vitalforces
of the
to a
pawn
majority
in thecenter.then
therewouldbe
-
for purpose
of instruc-
tlon-
theway
to
"restrain
a freecenter,,,
a verycomplicatedprocess
world,
the latterconceptwinsout, remarkable
enoughbut,asI usedto
say
jokingly.
yet explanatory
because
thegamehadbeenplayed
-
beforethe
involv-
war!"Nowlplayed:
Ing:
(1)
How
doesa
pawn
majoritywork?
{2) How
doesa
passedpawn
ariseout
of sucha majority?
{3) How
doesonedefendagainsta majority?
{4) What
isthe reason
I dsd6
10e5xd6
andthecriticalposition
hasarisen.
c7xd6
Ne4xf2
{See
thediagramat the
top
of
the next
page)
for thegreater
strengthof a centermajority?
Nimzowitschis
makingan analogybetween
the war on the chessboard
and World WarI between
the twa confederations,
and noting that thegame
wasplayed
in 7910 before
World Warl,
and thesenoteswercbeins
written
after the war.
against
a centermajority.
^,.B.efore
we answerthesequestions
the
passedpawn
isthecrystallizedproduct
of a
pawn
majority
andassuchit
canbeunderstood
moreeasilythanthemore
elastic
and
complicatedpawn
majority.
let's
put
the
passed
pawn
underthe mag-
advance
tt'&
Inshowing
all,because
tion isaccomplished
Thepawnwhichimprisons
completelysurpasses
d7-d6andthecenterisrestrained,
much
easier
(5)
Speciatmeasures
"r
rylng
glass
a bit because
it isfairlywell
known
that
passedpawns
haveto bestopped
althoughtheoretically
atthebeginning
of thisdiscussion,
isalso
thisoptimismwhich
gives
usthestrength
to discovereven
the
faintest
there
hasbeen
no
rav
of
hope
in everybadsituation,regardless
of how badit maybe. In
our
in finding
one,andalthough
I hadoriginarry
planned
not to
publish
this
discoveryuntil
it appeared
for
instancewecanstatethatanenemy
passedpawn
isundoubtedlya
qreatevil
66se
in my
bookMy
Syste4
forus. Buteventhisevil
contains
afaintrayof light.Thesituation
it inthe interest
of this
treatise.There
arethreereasons:
(1)
Let'slook
atthefollowing
this
pawn
we
post
theblockading
piece
at the
back
of the
pawn
-
asseen
{rom
theenemyside
*
in otherwords,theblock-
sder
is
safefrom frontalattack.
For
examPle:
issuch
thatwhenwe blockade
typicaJpassed
pawnposition:
a' .
a
Diagram
3
t
aa:
7"7<7,
%7272
Diagram
4
%
'x
7.2
Blackhasa
passed
pawn.
Thispassed
pawn
ishis
pride,
andthereforeit
ap-
pears
naturalthat
the Blackpiecesprotect
thispawn(Nf6,
Bb7)and
support
it
(Rdg).
Nowthe question
arises:
Black's
passedpawnis
on
e4;
theWhiteblockader,Ne3,ii not exposeo
ro
arookattack
{e8-e3)
andis
-
soto speak
-
safe.
It is
jmportant
to notethatthe blockadingpiece,in
additionto itsobliga-
tion
to blockade,usuallystandsverywell. lf thiswerenot thecase,
by
pieces
from
a djstance
areinsufficnet
because
suchashamp"ering
typically,n" pr*n
"un
r,ilf
in
whichcase
tne
pawn
wiff'pav
foi,n,,
ua-
tion
with itslife.
thusd4-d5,
B or Nxd4,
andnowthe
glack
pieces
it would
bedifficultto refutetheobjectionthat it
wouldbewastefulto
put
a
piece
on
ice,
just
to guarda pawn. ln realitythe blockade
squaresareactuallyexcel-
lentposts,
in the back.
ground
suddenly
cometo life:
the
gb7
gets
anopendiagonal
directed
agarnsr
theenemy
king,therook
obtains
anopenfile,
and,i,. tinigl,,grr,
" n"*
".*
tralsquare.
Wehadfocused
on thjsforceful
advance
first
-
aswasshownbefore
-
enemyfrontalattackisimpossiore,
(for
tin"
Jp"ning;t
fin.rt
before
{underb), For
the
pawn,s
lust
to expand
thisisanespecially
time
anoutposton a rook
file,
andthird the blockading
piece
keepsenoughelasticityto
speed
the blockadesquare
isoftenat the
game
to
an,
iharacter-
'12
demonstrates
istic
goal.
Thuswe
maysay,thefirst
reasonwhich
forcesthe
blockade
by logicis
this: thepassedpawn
-
asI
usedto
say
jokingly_
issuch, Oung"roi,
"r,rni-
nal
that it isby
no means
sufficientto have
it *.t"n.a
OVtn" pofi""
tfrffrsu"O
Bf2);.no,this
manshouldb€in
jail,
therefore
comptetety
deprived
ot'ir, ir".-
dom
bytheblockading
otherpart
of the battlefield
if necessaryDiagram
thiselas-
tlcrty
anditsfurtherdevelopment;
herewe wantto besatisfiedat demonstrat-
that the blockadesquareandoutpostscoincide,In rne
Queen's
GambitBlackoftengetsanisolated
queenpawn
ond5,andalthouqh
to besomewhatrestrainedby aWhite
pawn
on e3,we
couldcalrtr
half
of a passedpawn,itslustto expanci
knight
ond4.
(2)
The
secondreason,
isthat
great;
thisisfounded
partially
in
the
factthatthe pawnon d5 isalsoa
center
pawn.
d4 isthe blockade
square.
Now,
Whitealsohasthed file andon it a fortifiedsquare.Whichone
is
it?
Well,
alsod4because
to beexplained
now,isstrategically
aswellasrn,
structionally
of
great
importance;
in
chess,
thatwhicfr
Oe-ciOes
in
tfrsfinat
to mydefin;tionasquareonafilecan
only
be
called
"fortified"
whenit has
pawnprotection,
herethe
pawn
at e3.
A fortified
point
on afile shouldbeoccupiedby anoutpost
isee
my
articleon
open
files
in theWienerSchachzeitung
according
is
optimism. I
meanthat it ispsychologically
important
to trairr
yourself
in
theattitude
of feeling
happyabour
smalladvantages.
Thebegrn.
nerenjoys
himselfonly
whenhe
callsout mateto
hisoooon"-nr
o,
o"rnuu.
Lletter
stillwhen
he
cancapturehisqueen(because
1913"1.In
this
fashion
d4 becomes
strategically
inthe
eyesof the
beginner
importanttwo ways.
(3)
Onewouldthinkthattheblockading
thisispossibly
thegreater
success
of thetwo);
the .a.tu|,
how"uer
isalr"aoy
ofa
pawnrepresents
pleased
andhighly
satisfied
onlyatocat
if he
succeeds
in finding
evena shade
of anenemy
-
llmited
space
-
onestoppeda
pawn
whichwantedto advance,and
pawn
weakness
measure;
in
a nookof
the lefthalf
of the loaiO!
Theoptimis.,
h"re
=-
*
A
translation
described,
forms
the indispensable
psychological
Oasis+orpositionatpiay.
tt
isincluded
inthisvoiumeinAppendixOne.
8
AsI mentioned
reason
for it. I havesucceeded
I shallnow reveal
ls it sufficient
to hamper
the
pu*n
nV
NOg
andBf2or isthe
blockadeby the
knighton d4
necessary?
Answei:Against
thepassedpawn's
strong
lustto expand
milder
measures
advanceunder
suchcircumstances,
second
ing
the
secondcase,
it
seems
measure
Plik z chomika:
andzinus
Inne pliki z tego folderu:
Vassily Panov-Der Angriff in der Schachpartie-Strategie und Taktik in der Praxis (German).djvu
(1392 KB)
Saviely Tartakower - Sugestiones para la Estrategia Ajedrecistica (1960, Spanish).pdf
(9010 KB)
Max Euwe - Strategy & Tactics in Chess.pdf
(6446 KB)
Lev Alburt & Sam Palatnik - Chess Strategy for the Tournament Player.pdf
(3270 KB)
Gerald Abrahams - Technique in Chess.pdf
(8697 KB)
Inne foldery tego chomika:
atak
debiuty
gra środkowa
inne
inne2
Zgłoś jeśli
naruszono regulamin