HISTORY
03.10.2008.
1) When Britain became an island?
· Britain became an island after the end of the last ice age.
2) What were the first evidence of human life? When was it?
· First evidence of human life is a few stone tools, dating about 250,000
BC.
3) What shows that in Britain lived two kind of inhabitants?
· The earlier group made their tools from flakes of flint, the other group made tools from a central core of flint.
4) Who the people in ice age were?
· They were hunters, gatherers and fishers.
5) How the Neolithic people came to Britain?
· The Neolithic people crossed the narrow sea from Europe in small round boats of bent wood covered with animal skins.
6) How they lived and how they looked like?
· They kept animals and grew corn crops, and knew how to make pottery. They were small, dark, and long-headed people.
7) When for the first time the Romans invaded Britain?
· Romans invaded Britain in 55 BC.
8) What the “barrows” were?
· The “barrows” were burial mounds, made of earth or stone.
9) What are “henges”?
· “Henges” are stone circles, which were centres of religious, political and economic power.
10) What was the Stonehenge?
· Stonehenge was almost certainly a sort of capital. It is one and the most spectacular of “henges”, and remain a mystery.
11) Who where the Beaker people?
· The Beaker people where new groups of people arrived in southeast Britain from Europe.
12) What was the new form of society in southern England?
· The new form of society in southern England is a settled farming class.
13) Why they became so powerful?
· They became so powerful as it grew richer. The new farmers learned to enrich the soil with natural waste materials so that it did not become poor and useless. They also had more advanced metalworking skills.
14) When the iron age started?
· The iron age started from about 700 BC.
15) When the Celts came to England?
· The Celts began to arrive to England around 700 BC.
16) Why do we claim that they were technically advanced?
· We claim that because they knew how to work with iron, and could make better weapons than the people who used bronze.
17) Why they are so important in British history?
· They are so important in British history because they are the ancestors of many of the people in Highland Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Cornwall today.
18) What was the organization of Celtic tribes?
· The Celtic tribes were ruled over by a warrior class, of which the priests, or Druids, seem to have been particularly important members. These Druids memorized all the religious teachings, the tribal laws, history, medicine and other knowledge necessary in Celtic society.
19) What was the name of the most famous Celtic queen?
· Her name was: Boadicea.
20) Why she was so famous?
· She was so famous because she destroyed London, the Roman capital, before she was defeated and killed.
Vocabulary
tool – narzędzie
flake – płatek
flint – krzemień
central – centralny
core – rdzeń, jądro
gather – zbierać, gromadzić
gatherers – zbieracze
hunters – myśliwi
fishers – rybacy
narrow – ujście, wąski, nieznaczny, ograniczony
bent – wygięty, zgięty
grow – uprawiać
corn – zboże, kukurydza
crops – rośliny
pottery – wyroby garncarskie, garncarstwo, naczynia gliniane
invade – najeżdżać, atakować
burial – pogrzebowy
mound – kopiec, stos
remain – pozostaje
almost certainly – prawie na pewno
southeast – południowy wschód
settle – zasiedlać
farming – gospodarka rolna, hodowla, uprawa
richer – bogatsi / rich - bogaty
enrich - wzbogacać
soil - gleba, ziemia
waste – odpady, odpadowe
poor – biedny, ubogi
useless – bezużyteczny
advance – rozwinięty
metalworking – obróbka metalu
skill – umiejętność, zręczność, wprawa
claim – twierdzenie, twierdzimy
ancestor – przodek
tribe – plemię
rule – rządy, rządzić, panowanie, reguła
warrior – wojownik
particularly – szczegulnie
society – społeczeństwo
defeat – porażka, klęska, niepowodzenie
10.10.2008
1) What usfull skill the Romans brought to Britain.
· The Romans brought the skills of reading and writing to Britain.
2) Where the Romans established their culture?
· The Romans established their (Romano-British) culture across the southern half of Britain (inside the empire), from the River Humber to the River ...
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