Słowniczek angielski.pdf

abase lower;degrade;humiliate;makehumble;make

(oneself)loseself-respect

academic relatedtoaschool;notpracticalordirectly

useful

accede agree

accelerate movefaster

accessible easytoapproach;obtainable

accessory additionalobject;usefulbutnotessential

thing

acclaim applaud;praise;greetwithgreatapproval;an-

nouncewithgreatapproval;Ex.Thenewdrunghas

beenacclaimedasthemostimportantdiscoveriesfor

years;N:strongexpressionofapprovalandpraise

acclimate adjusttoclimateorenvironment;adapt

acclivity sharpupslopeofahill;OP.declivity

accolade awardofmerit;strongpraiseandapproval

~ merit goodqualitydeservingpraise;merits:aspect

ofcharacterorbehaviordeservingapprovalordisap-

proval;Ex. judgeeachplanonitsownmerits;V:de-

serve;earn

abash embarrass

abate subsideormoderate

abbreviate shorten

abdicate renounce;giveup(position,right,orresponsi-

bility)

aberrant abnormalordeviant

aberration deviationfromthenormal;mentaldisorder

abet assistusuallyindoingsomethingwrong;encour-

age

abeyance suspendedaction

abhor detest;hate

abject (ofacondition)wretched;aslowaspossible;

lackingpride;veryhumble;showinglackofself-

respect;Ex.abjectapology

~ demerit fault;badquality

~ earn gainfortheperformanceofserviceorlabor;gain

(somethingthatonedeserves);deserve

abjure renounceuponoath

ablution washing

abnegation renunciation;self-sacriﬁce;self-abnegation

abolish cancel;putanendto

abominate loathe;hate

abominable detestable;extremelyunpleasant

aboriginal beingtheﬁrstofitskindinaregion;primi-

tive;native;indigenous;N.aborigine

abortive unsuccessful;fruitless

abrasive rubbingaway;tendingtogrinddown

abridge condenseorshorten

abrogate abolish

abscission cuttingoff;separation

abscond departsecretlyandhide

absolute complete;totallyunlimited;havingcomplete

power;certain;notrelative;Ex.absolutehonesty/ruler;

CF.absolutism

accommodate obligeorhelpsomeone;adjustorbring

intoharmony;adapt;makeenoughspacefor;ADJ.ac-

commodative;CF.accomodating:helpfulandobliging

accomplice partnerincrime

accord agreement

accost approachandspeakﬁrsttoaperson

accoutre equip;N.accoutrement

accretion growthorincreaseinsizebygradualaddi-

tion;growth;increase;increasebynaturalgrowth;Ex.

towersandotheraccretionsofthecastle;V.accrete

accrue cometooneasagain;accumulateovertime;

comeaboutbyaddition;Ex.beneﬁtsthataccruefrom

scientiﬁcresearch;Ex.interestaccruinginabankac-

count;N.accrual

acerbity bitternessofspeechandtemper;ADJ.acerbic:

bitter;acrid(intaste,manner,ortone)

~ bitter havingasharpbitingtaste; H ;causingsharp

paintothebodyormind;ﬁlledwithresentment,dis-

appointment,orotherunpleasantfeelings;Ex.bitter

wind/sorrow/tears

absolve pardon(anoffense)

abstain refrain;withholdfromparticipation;intention-

allynotuseone’svote; lÝ¶

abstemious sparingineatinganddrinking;temperate

abstinence restraintfrompleasantthings,esp.eatingor

drinking;CF.abstention:actofabstainingfromvote

~ biting sharplypainfultothebodyormind;Ex.biting

wind/remarks

abstract theoretical;notconcrete;nonrepresentational

~ representational (ofastyleofart)showingthingsas

theyactuallyappearinreallife

acetic vinegary

acidulous slightlysour(intasteormanner);sharp;

caustic

abstruse obscure;profound;difﬁculttounderstand

abusive coarselyinsulting;physicallyharmful

abut borderupon;adjoin

abysmal bottomless

abyss enormouschasm;vastbottomlesspit

acknowledge recognize;admit

acme peak;pinnacle;highestpoint

acoustics scienceofsound;qualitythatmakesaroom

easyorhardtohearin

acquiesce assent;agreepassively; complywithout

protest

acquittal deliverancefromacharge;V.acquit:freefrom

achargeoraccusation;dischargefromaduty;conduct

(oneself)inaspeciﬁedmanner

acrid bitter(tothetasteorsmell);sharp;bitterlypun-

gent

adorn decorate

adroit skillful(inusingmindorhand)

adulation ﬂattery;admirationthatismorethanisnec-

essaryordeserved

adulterate makeimpureorofpoorerqualitybyadding

inferiorortainted(contaminated)substances

acrimonious stinging;caustic;bitterinwordsorman-

ner;N.acrimony:bitterill-naturedanimosityinspeech

orbehavior

acrophobia fearofheights

actuarial calculating;pertainingtoinsurancestatistics

actuary someonewhoadvisesinsurancecompanies

actuate motivate;activate;causetoact

acuity sharpness(ofmindorsensesofsightorhearing)

advent arrival

adventitious accidental;casual;happeningbychance

adversary opponent;enemy

adverse goingagainst;opposing;unfavorable;hostile

adversity greathardshiporafﬂiction;misfortune;

calamitousevent

acumen mentalkeenness;sharpnessofjudgment;abil-

itytojudgequicklyandwell;Ex.businessacumen

acute (ofthesenses)sharp;quicklyperceptive;keen;

penetrating;briefandsevere;Ex. acutesenseof

smell/analysis/pain

adage wisesaying;proverb

~ proverb adage;someoneorsomethingwellknownfor

notoriety;ADJ.proverbial:ofaproverb;widelyknown;

ADV.proverbially

adamant hard;inﬂexible

adapt makeorbecomesuitableforaspeciﬁcuse;alter;

modify;adjust;N.adaptation:actofadapting;composi-

tionrecastintoanewform;Ex.Theplayisanadaption

ofashortnovel.

addendum addition;appendixtobook;somethingthat

isadded(asattheendofaspeechorbook)

advert refer

advocacy support;activepleadingonbehalfofsome-

oneorsomething

advocate speakinfavorof;support(anideaorplan);

urge;pleadfor

aegis shield;protection;defense

aerie(aery,eyrie,eyry) nestofalargebirdofprey

aesthetic artistic;dealingwithorcapableofappreciat-

ingthebeautiful(ofapersonorbuilding);CF.aesthete;

CF.aesthetics

affable easilyapproachable;easytotalkto;warmly

friendly

affected artiﬁcial;pretended

afﬁdavit writtenstatementmadeunderoath(foruseas

proofinacourtoflaw)

addiction compulsivehabitualneed

addle makeorbecomeconfused;muddle;drivecrazy;

becomerotten(egg)

address directaspeechto;speakto;dealwithordis-

cuss;directone’seffortsorattentionto;makewitha

destination;N:formalspeech

adept expertat;veryskilled

adhere stickfast;beadevotdfollower;N.adhesion:ad-

hering;devotion;loyality

adherent supporter;follower

adjacent adjoining;neighboring;closeby

~ adjoin benextto

~ adjourn suspenduntilalatertime;movefromoneplace

toanother

adjunct somethingattachedtobutholdinganinferior

position

adjuration solemnurging;V.adjure:entreatearnestly;

enjoinsolemnly

adjutant staffofﬁcerassistingthecommander;assistant

afﬁliation joining;associatingwith

afﬁnity feelingofkinship;similarity;Ex.strongafﬁnity

forher;Ex.manyafﬁnitiesbetweentwolanguages

afﬁrmation positiveassertion;conﬁrmation;solemn

pledgebyonewhorefusestotakeanoath;V.afﬁrm;

ADJ.afﬁrmative;CF.afﬁrmativeaction:positivedis-

crimination

afﬂiction stateofdistress;trial;causeofdistressorsuf-

fering;V.afﬂict:inﬂictgrievoussufferingon

afﬂuence abundance;wealth

affront insult;offense;intentionalactofdisrespect;V:

insultorhurtthefeelingsofintentionally

agape openmouthed

agenda itemsofbusinessatameeting

agglomeration collection;heap;V.agglomerate:gather

intoaroundedmass;N.aggolmeate: jumbledmass;

heap

aggrandize makegreater;increaseinpower,wealth,

rank,orhonor;N.aggrandizement

admonish warnorspeaktowithgentledisapproval;re-

prove

~ adore lovedeeplyandrespecthighly

aggregate sum;total;ADJ.V:gatherintoamassor

whole;accumulate;addupto;Ex.aggregate100dol-

lars

aghast ﬁlledwithgreatsurpriseorfear;horriﬁed

agility nimbleness;abilitytomovequickly

agitate stirup;disturb

agnostic onewhoisskepticaloftheexistenceorknowa-

bilityofagodoranyultimatereality

agog highlyexcited;intenselycurious

agrarian pertainingtolandoritscultivation;Ex.agrar-

ianreform

alacrity cheerfulpromptnesswithoutreluctance

alchemy medievalchemistry

alcove nook;recess

alias anassumednameesp.byacriminal(usuallyto

misleadpeople);ADV.alias

alienate makeunfriendlyorhostile;estrange;separate;

changetheownershipof

alimentary supplyingnourishment

alimony paymentsmaderegularlytoanex-spouseafter

divorce

allay calm;pacify

allege statewithoutproof

allegiance loyalty

allegory story,play,orpictureinwhichcharactersare

usedassymbols;fable

alleviate relieve(pain)

alliteration repetitionofbeginningsoundinpoetry

allocate assign;setapartforaparticularpurpose

~ earmark setaside(moneyortime)foraparticularpur-

pose

alloy mixtureasofmetals;somethingaddedthatlow-

ersinvalueorpurity;V:mix;makelesspure;lower

invalueorquality;spoil;CF.unalloyed:notinmixture

withothermaetals;pure;complete;unqualiﬁed;Ex.un-

alloyedhappiness

allude referindirectly;N.allusion:indirectreference

allure entice;attract;tempt

~ siren apparatusformakingsounds;womanlikecrea-

ture

alluvial pertainingtosoildepositsleftbyrunningwater

ambidextrous capableofusingeitherhandwithequal

ease

ambience environment;atmosphere;Ex. restraurant

withapleasantambience;ADJ.ambient:completely

surrounding;Ex.ambienttemperature

ambiguous unclearordoubtfulinmeaning;having

morethanonepossibleinterpretation

ambivalence thestateofhavingcontradictoryorcon-

ﬂictingemotionalattitudesoropinions

amble walkingataneasyunhurriedpace;V:walk

slowlyandaimlessly

ambrosia foodofthegods

~ nectar drinkofthegods;sweetliquidcollectedbybees

ambulatory abletowalk

ameliorate improve

amenable obedient;compliant;readilymanaged;re-

sponsive;willingtobeled;answerableoraccountable

legally;responsible;abletobetestedby;Ex.amenable

tosensiblesuggestions;Ex.Heisveryamenable;Ex.

amenabletotheusualtests

amend correct;change;generallyforthebetter

amenities convenientfeaturesthathelpstomakelife

pleasant;socialcourtesies

amiable agreeable;lovable;warmlyfriendly

amicable peaceful;politelyfriendly;notquarrelsome;

Ex.amicablesettlement

amiss wrong;faulty;Ex.somethingamiss;ADV.

amity friendship;peacefulrelationshipasbetweenna-

tions

amnesia lossofmemory

amnesty pardon(allowedbygovernmenttopolitical

criminals)

amoral nonmoral;havingnounderstandingofright

andwrong

amorous movedbysexuallove;loving;ofsexuallove;

Ex.amorousadvances

aloof apart;notopeninone’srelationshipwithother

people;reserved;ADV.

aloft upward;highupintheair

altercation noisyquarrel

altruistic unselﬁshlygenerous;concernedforothers;N.

altiruism:unselﬁshconcernforthewelfareofothers;

unselﬁshness;OP.egoism

amalgamate (ofsocietiesorgroups)combine;unitein

onebody

amalgam combinationofdifferentthings;mixtureof

metals(containingmercury)usedforﬁllingholesin

teeth

amass collect(gradually,inaverylargeamount)

amazon femalewarrior

amorphous formless;lackingshapeordeﬁnition

amphibian abletolivebothonlandandinwater;N.

amphitheater ovalbuildingwithtiersofseats;CF.arena

ample enough;abundant;spacious;largeinsize;Ex.

ampleopportunity/garden;N.amplitude:qualityof

beingample;abundance;largenessofspace

amplify increaseinsizeoreffect;expand;broadenor

clarifybyexpanding;intensify;makestronger;Ex.am-

plifyone’sremarkswithagraph

amputate cutoffpartofbody;prune(alimb)

amok(amuck) inastateofrage;Ex.runamok

amulet charm;talisman;anobjectwornbelievedtopro-

tectagainstevil,badluck

anachronism anerrorinvolvingtimeinastory;some-

thingorsomeonemisplacedintime;ADJ.anachronistic

antagonism hostility;activeopposition;V.antagonize:

causetobecomeanenemy;N.antagonist:personwho

isopposedtoanother;opponent;adversary;principal

characterinoppostiontotheprotagonist

analgesic causinginsensitivitytopain;N.

~ analgesia conditionofbeingunabletofeelpain

analogous comparable;similar

analogy similarity;parallelism;comparingtwosimilar

things

~ protagonist leaderornoticeablesupporterofanidea;

chiefcharacterinaplayorstory

antecede precede

antecedents precedingeventsthat inﬂuencewhat

comeslater;ancestorsorearlybackground

anarchist personwhoseekstooverturntheestablished

government;advocateofabolishingauthority

anarchy absenceofgoverningbody;stateofdisorder

anathema solemncurse;someoneorsomethingre-

gardedasacurse;V.anathematize

ancestry familydescent;ADJ.ancestral

anchor secureorfastenﬁrmly;beﬁxedinplace;N.an-

chorage

ancillary servingasanaidoraccessory;auxiliary;N.

anecdote shortstoryofanamusingorinterestingevent

antediluvian antiquated;extremelyancient

anthem songofpraiseorpatriotism;Ex.nationalan-

them

anthology bookofliteraryselectionsbyvariousau-

thors;CF.omnibus

anthropoid manlike;resemblingahumanbeing;N.

anthropologist studentofthehistoryandscienceofhu-

mankind

anthropomorphic havinghumanformorcharacteris-

tics

anemia conditioninwhichbloodlacksredcorpuscles;

ADJ.anemic

anticlimax letdowninthoughtoremotion;something

unexciting,ordinary,ordisappointingcomingafter

somethingimportantorexciting

antidote remedytocounteractapoisonordisease;Ex.

antidotetotheeconomictroubles

anesthetic substancethatremovessensationwithor

withoutlossofconsciousness;N.anesthesia

anguish acutepain;extremesuffering

angular sharp-cornered;havinganangle;notrounded

(body);bony;lean;gaunt;stiffinmanner

animadversion criticalremark;V.animadvert:com-

mentcriticallywithdisapproval

antipathy aversion;dislikeoropposition

antiquated obsolete;old-fashioned;outdated

~ antique madeinanearlierperiodandusu.valuable;N:

objectthatwasmadeinanearlierperiodandthatisrare

orvaluable

animated lively;spirited

animosity activeenmity

animus hostilefeelingorintent;animosity;hostility;

disposition

~ antiquity qualityofbeingveryold;ancienttimes; ¦@/

antiseptic substancethatpreventsinfectioninawound;

ADJ.

antithesis contrast;directoppositeoforto;ADJ.anti-

theticorantithetical

annals recordsarrangedinyearlyparts;history

anneal reducebrittlenessandimprovetoughnessby

heatingandcooling(metalorglass)

annex attach;addtoalargething;takepossessionof;

incorporate(territory)intoalargerexistingpoliticalunit

(byforce);N:buildingaddedtoalargeone

annihilate destroy

annotate comment;makeexplanatorynotes

annuity yearlyallowance

annul makevoid

~ elope runawaysecretlywiththeintentionofgetting

married

~ antler bonygrowthontheheadofadeer

anvil ironblockusedinhammeringoutmetals

apathy lackofcaring;indifference;lackofconcernorin-

terestinimportantmatters;Ex.Hewassunkinapathy

afterhisfailure;ADJ.apathetic

ape imitateormimic(aperson’sbehaviorormanner)

aperture opening;hole;adjustableopeninginacamera

thatlimitstheamountoflight

apex tip;summit;climax;highestpoint

aphasia lossofspeechduetoinjuryorillness

aphorism pithymaximorsaying;ADJ.aphoristic

apiary aplacewherebeesarekept

~ hive boxforbees;V:causetogoinahive

~ apiculture bee-keeping

~ apiarist personwhokeepsbees

aplomb poise;composureindifﬁcultsituations;assur-

ance;self-conﬁdence

anodyne drugthatrelievespainortrouble; :x]j ;opi-

ate;ADJ.Ex.anodynestatement

anoint consecrate;putoilon(inareligiousceremony)

anomalous abnormal;irregular

anomaly irregularity

anonymity stateofbeingnameless;anonymousness;

ADJ.anonymous

~ poise goodjudgmentwithcomposure;balance;V:place

inacarefullybalancedposition

apocalyptic prophetic;pertainingtorevelationsespe-

ciallyofdisaster;N.apocalypse

apocryphal (ofastory)widelybelievedbutuntrue

apogee highestpoint;thepointfarthestfromtheearth;

OP.perigee

apolitical havinganaversionorlackofconcernforpo-

liticalaffairs

apologist onewhowritesindefenseofacauseorinsti-

tution;N.apologia

apoplexy stroke;lossofconsciousnesscausedbytoo

muchbloodinthebrain

apostate onewhoabandonshisreligiousfaithorpoliti-

calbeliefs;N.apostasy

apothecary druggist;pharmacist

apothegm(apophthegm) pithy,compactsaying

apotheosis elevationtogodhood;anidealexampleof

something

appall dismay;shockdeeply

apparition ghost;phantom

appease pacifyorsoothe;Ex.appeaseacryingbaby;N.

appeasement

appellation name;title

append attach

application diligentattention;diligence;V.applyone-

self

apposite appropriate;ﬁtting

appraise estimatevalueof;N.appraisal

appreciate bethankfulfor;increaseinworth;bethor-

oughlyconsciousof;ADJ.appreciable:enoughtobe

felt;Ex.appreciabledifference

apprehend arrest(acriminal);dread;perceive;N.ap-

prehension

apprehensive fearful;discerning

apprise inform

approbation approval

appropriate acquire;takepossessionofforone’sown

usewithoutpermission;setasideforaparticularpur-

pose;allocate;CF.misappropriate

appurtenances subordinatepossessions; something

addedtoamoreimportantthing

apropos withreferenceto;regarding;Ex.remarksapro-

pos(of)thepresentsituation;ADJ.ADV.

aptitude ﬁtness;talent

aquiline curved;hooked;oforlikeaneagle;Ex.

aquilinenose

arable ﬁtforgrowingcrops;Ex.arableland

arbiter personwithpowertodecideamatterindis-

pute;judgewhoisinapositionotmakeinﬂuentialjudg-

ments;Ex.supremearbiteroffashioninbeachware

arbitrary unreasonableorcapricious;random;tyranni-

cal;Ex.arbitraryruler

arbitrate actasjudge(attherequestofbothsides)

arboretum placewheredifferenttreesandshrubsare

studiedandexhibited

~ arboreal oforlivingintrees

arcade acoveredpassagewayusuallylinedwithshops

arcane esoteric;secret;mysterious;knownonlytothe

initiated;Ex.arcaneritual;Ex.arcaneprocessclosedto

theuninitiatedlistener

archaeology studyofartifactsandrelicsofearly

mankind

archaic antiquated;nolongerused;belongingtothe

past;N.

archetype prototype;primitivepattern

arch- chief;ﬁrst;Ex.archbishop

archipelago groupofcloselylocatedislands

archives publicrecords;placewherepublicrecordsare

kept

ardor heat;passion;zeal;ADJ.ardent

arduous hard;strenuous;Ex.arduouswork

argot slang;speechspokenbyonlyasmallgroupof

people

aria operaticsolo;asongsungbyonepersoninan

operaororatorio

arid (ofland)dry;barren;unproductive

aristocracy hereditarynobility;privilegedclass;gov-

ernmentbynobility;N.aristocrat

armada ﬂeetofwarships

aromatic fragrant;havingasweetsmell;N.aroma:

strongpleasantsmell

arraign chargeincourt;indict

array marshal;drawupinorder;arrangeinorder;

clothesplendidly;adorn;N:ﬁneclothes;orderedgroup;

Ex.inbattlearray

arrears beingindebt;moneythatshouldhavebeen

paid;workthatshouldhavebeendone

arrhythmic lackingrhythmorregularity;N.arrhythmia

arrogance pride;haughtiness;ADJ.arrogant:unpleas-

antlyself-important(withastrongconﬁdenceinone’s

ownimportanceandalackofrespectforotherpeople)

arroyo gully;narrowchannelformedbyrainwater

~ artery blood-vessel;CF.vein

articulate effective;distinct;expressingideasclearly;

havingclearsounds;havingjoints;Ex. articulate

speech;V:expressthoughtsandfeelingclearly;pro-

nounceclearly;unitebyjoints

arsenal storageplaceformilitaryequipment

artifacts objectmadebyhumanbeings,eitherhand-

madeormass-produced

artiﬁce deception;trickery

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