MURRAY, R. L. (2000). Nuclear Energy - An Introduction to the Concepts, Systems.pdf

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Nuclear Energy
FIFTH EDITION
Nuclear Energy
An Introduction to the Concepts, Systems,
and Applications of Nuclear Processes
FIFTH EDITION
Raymond L. Murray
Nuclear Engineering Department,
North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
USA
19216385.001.png
To Elizabeth
Preface to the Fifth Edition
A T THE transition to the new millennium the future of nuclear energy looks
brighter. Nuclear power plants worldwide have operated safely.
Applications for extension of reactor operating licenses in the U.S. are in
place and construction is continuing abroad.
Uses of isotopes and radiation in applications to medicine, research, and
industry continue to assure human benefit. Research and development are
active in the areas of controlled fusion, accelerator uses, isotope separation,
space exploration, and excess weapons material disposition.
Unfortunately, progress toward solutions for the nuclear waste problem
has been frustratingly slow. And there are no new orders for nuclear plants
in the U.S.
Controversies surround the validity of the linear no-threshold model of
the effect of low-level radiation and the anticipated consequences to climate
of the buildup of greenhouse gases.
It is the author’s firm belief that nuclear power will be necessary in the
twenty-first century, as world population continues to grow, expectations
for a better life are sought, and energy demands increase.
The phenomenon of the Internet is dramatically changing
communication of information and knowledge, including education at all
levels. This new edition of the book includes citations to sites on the World
Wide Web in addition to references in the print media. The author has
explored the Web extensively, searching for sites that are relevant, useful,
and accurate. However, the reader must beware of sites that become
outdated or vanish. Further comments on the Internet appear in the
Appendix.
A few new Exercises are included in the fifth edition. The diskette
containing programs in BASIC for use with Computer Exercises is now
available free of charge on request from the author.
The author hopes that the book will continue to serve in the orientation
and education of the next generation of nuclear professionals and leaders, as
well as being helpful to scientists and engineers in related fields.
Communication by e-mail (murray@eos.ncsu.edu) with teachers, students,
and other users of the book will be most welcome.
Many persons have provided valuable ideas and information. They are
recognized at appropriate points in the book. The advice and assistance of
Michael Forster, Cate Rickard-Barr, and Lisa Jelly of Butterworth-
Heinemann was most helpful. Special thanks are due Nancy Reid Baker for
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