CARSON, P. (2002). Hazardous Chemicals Handbook (2nd ed.).pdf

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Hazardous Chemicals Handbook
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Hazardous Chemicals Handbook
Second edition
Phillip Carson
PhD MSc AMCT CChem FRSC FIOSH
Head of Science Support Services, Unilever Research Laboratory,
Port Sunlight, UK
Clive Mumford
BSc PhD DSc CEng MIChemE
Consultant Chemical Engineer
Oxford Amsterdam Boston London New York Paris San Diego
San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
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Butterworth-Heinemann
An imprint of Elsevier Science
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
First published 1994
Second edition 2002
Copyright © 1994, 2002, Phillip Carson, Clive Mumford. All rights reserved
The right of Phillip Carson and Clive Mumford to be identified as the
authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether
or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without
the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of
a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road,
London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written
permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 0 7506 4888 0
For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com
Typeset at Replika Press Pvt Ltd, Delhi 110 040, India
Printed and bound in Great Britain
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Contents
Preface to the second edition
ix
Preface to the first edition
xi
1 Introduction
1
2 Terminology
10
3 General principles of chemistry
21
Introduction
21
Atoms and molecules
21
Periodic table
22
Valency
23
Chemical bonds
24
Oxidation/Reduction
25
Physical state
26
Acids
26
Bases
27
Halogens
28
Metals
29
Oxygen and sulphur
30
31
pH
32
Salts
32
Organic chemistry
32
Combustion chemistry
40
Chemical reactivity
42
4 Physicochemistry
45
Vapour pressure
45
Gas–liquid solubility
46
Liquid-to-vapour phase change
47
Solid-to-liquid phase change
47
47
Density differences of liquids
49
Immiscible liquid–liquid systems
49
Vapour flashing
50
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