TEXTBOOK OF NEUROONCOLOGY.pdf

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TEXTBOOK OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY

ISBN: 0-7216-8148-4

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The Publisher

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Textbook of neuro-oncology / [edited by] Mitchel S. Berger, Michael D. Prados. – 1st ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-7216-8148-4

1. Nervous system–Tumors. I. Berger, Mitchel S. II. Prados, Michael.

[DNLM: 1. Brain Neoplasms. 2. Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial. 3. Peripheral Nervous System

Neoplasms. 4. Skull Base Neoplasms. 5. Spinal Cord Neoplasms. WL 358 T355 2005]

RC280.N4T49 2005

616.99

2004042996

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Developmental Editor : Denise LeMelledo

Publishing Services Manager : Joan Sinclair

Project Manager : Cecelia Bayruns

Printed in China.

Last digit is the print number: 987654321

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481–dc22

P REFACE

It takes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to provide the

best care for patients with brain tumors, and in consulting with

our colleagues on the patient-care team we’ve often been frus-

trated by the lack of an all-inclusive resource that provides a

comprehensive picture of the multifaceted aspects of the chal-

lenges involved. In working with our colleagues doing basic

science research into the causes and mechanisms of brain

tumors, we have been impressed by their interest in the clini-

cal details of translational therapies developed through their

creative work. With the enthusiasm and support of the pub-

lisher, we were encouraged to outline a book intended for

everyone curious to understand more about the varied clinical

roles in the treatment of brain tumors and the basic biology and

epidemiology of this most perplexing disease.

This book is intended for everyone on the medical team

caring for patients with brain tumors, from the physicians who

ﬁrst suspect the diagnosis, to the neuroradiologists involved

in diagnostic work-ups, to the medical specialists in neuro-

oncology who monitor care, to radiation oncologists and

neurosurgeons. It is a “Tumor Board in Print” where each spe-

ciﬁc type of brain tumor occupies a chapter in which all of the

multidisciplinary specialists involved in treating that speciﬁc

tumor are heard. We have also tried to make this a book for

other members of the patient-care team, for residents and

students interested in brain tumors, and in particular for basic

scientists wanting to understand more about the clinical com-

plexities of managing neuro-oncology patients.

To this end, we enlisted the aid of some of the most

respected people working in the ﬁeld. Ossama Al-Mefty, at the

University of Arkansas, signed up to deal with tumors of the

cranial base. Ray Sawaya, at the University of Texas M.D.

Anderson Cancer Center, said he would take on the section on

brain metastasis. Paul McCormick of the Columbia Presbyter-

ian Medical Center and the Neurological Institute of New York

agreed to help out with a section on tumors of the spinal axis

together with Andy Parsa, who has since joined us in San

Francisco. Michel Kliot, at the University of Washington

School of Medicine in Seattle, agreed to edit the section on

peripheral nerve tumors together with Keith Kwok. Jim Rutka,

at the University of Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children,

agreed to edit the section on pediatric neuro-oncology, and our

colleague Evren Keles joined forces in editing the section on

the treatment of intracranial tumors in adults. With this world-

class team working with us, we felt we could produce a com-

prehensive text that would be useful for everyone immersed in

or interested by the ﬁeld of neuro-oncology. These section

editors have done their part, enlisting a distinguished panel of

specialists who have provided chapters that more than fulﬁll

our optimistic hopes for this textbook. Together with our fellow

editors, we hope you will ﬁnd this volume both an interesting

and useful resource.

Mitchel S. Berger, MD

Michael D. Prados, MD

Editors

CONTRIBUTORS

Joann Aaron, MA

Scientiﬁc Editor

Department of Neuro-Oncology

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Houston, Texas

24: Mixed Gliomas

Edgardo J. Angtuaco, MD

Professor, Department of Radiology

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences;

Chief, Division of Neuroradiology

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

45: Meningiomas

48: Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas of the

Cranial Base

Michael E. Berens, PhD

Senior Investigator

TGen, The Translational Genomics Research

Institute

Phoenix, Arizona

3: Animal Models

Emad T. Aboud, MD

Fellow, Department of Neurosurgery

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Little Rock, Arkansas

52: Epidermoid Tumors

Mitchel S. Berger, MD

Professor and Chair of Neurological Surgery

Kathleen M. Plant Distinguished Professor of

Neurological Surgery

Director, Brain Tumor Research Center

University of California, San Francisco,

School of Medicine

San Francisco, California

1: Epidemiology of Brain Tumors

9: Surgical Strategies in the Management of Brain

Tumors

17: Diffuse Astrocytoma

28: Gliomatosis Cerebri

40: Hemangioblastomas of the Central Nervous

System

Henry E. Aryan, MD

Clinical Instructor of Neurosurgery

University of California, San Diego,

School of Medicine;

Neurosurgeon

University of California, San Diego,

Medical Center;

Children’s Hospital Medical Center

San Diego, California

101: Pediatric Skull Base Tumors

A. Leland Albright, MD

Professor of Neurosurgery

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine;

Chief of Pediatric Neurosurgery

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

87: Hypothalamic Hamartomas

Kenneth D. Aldape, MD

Associate Professor of Pathology

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer

Center

Houston, Texas

24: Mixed Gliomas

27: Astroblastoma

Kurtis Ian Auguste, MD

Resident Physician

Department of Neurological Surgery

University of California San Francisco School of

Medicine

San Francisco, California

40: Hemangioblastomas

Mark Bernstein, MD, FRCSC

Professor of Surgery

The University of Toronto;

Neurosurgeon

Toronto Western Hospital

University Health Network

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

22: Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma and

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Mubarak Al-Gahtany, MD, FRCSC

Clinical Fellow in Neurosurgery

The University of Toronto

Toronto Western Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

74: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Tumors

107: Peripheral Nerve Tumors in Children

Samer Ayoubi, MD, FRCS

Attending Physician

Damascus University School of Medicine;

Consultant Neurosurgeon

Al-Muwasat University Hospital

Damascus, Syria

44: Nonacoustic Schwannomas of the Cranial

Nerves

46: Meningeal Hemangiopericytomas and

Sarcomas

Ratan D. Bhardwaj, MD

Neurosurgical Resident

The University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

94: Pituitary Tumors in Children

Ossama Al-Mefty, MD

Professor and Chair of Neurosurgery

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Little Rock, Arkansas

44: Nonacoustic Schwannomas of the Cranial

Nerves

45: Meningiomas

46: Meningeal Hemangiopericytomas and

Sarcomas

48: Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas of the

Cranial Base

49: Paragangliomas of the Skull Base

Matthew T. Ballo, MD

Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Houston, Texas

61: Skull Base Metastasis

Asis Kumar Bhattacharyya, MBBS, MS, MCh

Fellow, Division of Neurosurgery

University of Toronto

Toronto Western Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

22: Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma and

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Geoffrey R. Barger, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine;

Co-Chief, Neuro-Oncology

Karmanos Cancer Institute

Detroit, Michigan

35: Medulloblastoma

Juan M. Bilbao, MD

Associate Professor of Pathology

The University of Toronto;

Neuropathologist

Sunnybrook Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

80: Lhermitte-Duclos Disease

Nabeel Al-Shafai, MD

Neurosurgery Resident

The University of Toronto

Toronto Western Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

97: Choroid Plexus Tumors

Fred G. Barker II, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery

Harvard Medical School;

Assistant Visiting Neurosurgeon

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts

20: Pilocytic Astrocytoma

34: Pineoblastoma

Mark H. Bilsky, MD

Assistant Attending, Department of Surgery

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Cornell University Medical Center

New York, New York

71: Therapeutic Options for Treating Metastatic

Spine Tumors

Christopher Ames, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery

University of California, San Francisco,

School of Medicine

San Francisco, California

69: Benign Tumors of the Spine

Lilyana Angelov, MD

Associate Staff

Department of Neurological Surgery

The Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio

30: Mixed Neuronal and Glial Tumors

Gene H. Barnett, MD, FACS

Professor of Surgery

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine;

Chairman

The Brain Institute

Cleveland, Ohio

30: Mixed Neuronal and Glial Tumors

Devin K. Binder, MD, PhD

Chief Resident

Department of Neurological Surgery

University of California, San Franciso,

School of Medicine

San Francisco, California

14: Gene Therapy for Malignant Gliomas

Contributors

xiii

Deborah T. Blumenthal, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurology and Oncology

University of Utah

Huntsman Cancer Institute

Salt Lake City, Utah

54: Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Jeffrey N. Bruce, MD

Associate Professor of Neurosurgery

The Neurological Institute of New York

Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center

Columbia University College of Physicians and

Surgeons

New York, New York

33: Pineocytoma

Marc C. Chamberlain, MD

Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery

University of Southern California Keck School of

Medicine;

Co-Director of Neuro-Oncology

Norris Cancer Center

Los Angeles, California

36: Adult Supratentorial Primitive

Neuroectodermal Tumors

Robert J. Bohinski, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery

University of Cincinnati;

Mayﬁeld Clinic and Spine Institute

Cincinnati, Ohio

60: Multidisciplinary Management of Patients with

Brain Metastases from an Unknown Primary

Tumor

Derek A. Bruce, MD, ChB

Professor of Pediatric Neurosurgery

George Washington University

Children’s National Medical Center

Washington, D.C.

101: Pediatric Skull Base Tumors

Susan M. Chang, MD

Associate Professor of Neurological Surgery

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California

16: Clinical Trials

28: Gliomatosis Cerebri

34: Pineoblastoma

Melissa L. Bondy, PhD

Professor of Epidemiology

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer

Center

Houston, Texas

1: Epidemiology of Brain Tumors

John M. Buatti, MD

Professor and Head

Department of Radiation Oncology

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Iowa City, Iowa

58: Intracerebral Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

Michael Y. Chen, MD

Resident

Virginia Commonwealth University;

Medical College of Virginia

Richmond, Virginia

38: Fibrous Tumors

Margaret Booth-Jones, PhD

Assistant Professor of Oncology and Psychiatry

H. Lee Mofﬁtt Cancer and Research Institute

University of South Florida

Tampa, Florida

18: Anaplastic Astrocytoma

Ketan R. Bulsara, MD

Instructor of Neurosurgery

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences;

Children’s Hospital

Little Rock, Arkansas

45: Meningiomas

Thomas Chen, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Neurosurgery and Pathology;

Director of Surgical Neuro-Oncology

University of Southern California;

Staff Neurosurgeon

University of Southern California University

Hospital;

Norris Cancer Hospital

Los Angeles, California

36: Adult Supratentorial Primitive

Neuroectodermal Tumors

Donald E. Born, MD, PhD

Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of

Pathology

University of Washington School of Medicine

Seattle, Washington

73: Evaluation and Management of Benign

Peripheral Nerve Tumors and Masses

Eric C. Burton, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery

University of California, San Francisco;

Neuro-Oncologist

University of California, San Francisco, Medical

Center

San Francisco, California

17: Diffuse Astrocytoma

Kristin Bradley, MD

Assistant Professor of Human Oncology

University of Wisconsin School of Medicine

Madison, Wisconsin

10: Basic Concepts Underlying Radiation

Therapy

Terri Chew, MPH

Academic Coordinator, Neurosurgery Research

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California

1: Epidemiology of Brain Tumors

Thomas Carlisle, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Clinical Internal Medicine

University of Iowa

Roy J. and Lucille Carver College of Medicine

Iowa City, Iowa

58: Intracerebral Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

Steven Brem, MD

Professor of Oncology, Neurosurgery, and

Neurology;

Director of Neurosurgery;

Program Leader, Neuro-Oncology Program

H. Lee Mofﬁtt Cancer Center and Research

Institute

Tampa, Florida

18: Anaplastic Astrocytoma

John H. Chi, MD, MPH

Resident, Department of Neurological Surgery

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California

72: Intrinsic Metastatic Spinal Cord Tumors

81: Cerebellar Astrocytomas

James H. Carter, Jr., MHS, PAC

Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery

Division of Neurosurgery

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina

56: Brain Metastases from Malignant Melanoma

Dean Chou, MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurological

Surgery

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California

70: Malignant Primary Tumors of the Vertebral

Column

William C. Broaddus, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Anatomy and

Neurobiology, Physiology, and Radiation

Oncology

Virginia Commonwealth University;

Director of Neuro-oncology

Medical College of Virginia Hospitals;

Chief of Neurosurgery

Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center

Richmond, Virginia

38: Fibrous Tumors

Steve Casha, MD, PhD

Neurosurgery Resident

The University of Toronto

Toronto Western Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

92: Pediatric Meningiomas

H. Brent Clark, MD, PhD

Professor of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine

and Pathology

University of Minnesota Medical School;

Director of Neuropathology

Fairview University Medical Center

Minneapolis, Minnesota

32: Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor

Soonmee Cha, MD

Assistant Professor of Radiology and Neurological

Surgery

University of California, San Francisco,

School of Medicine;

Attending Neuroradiologist

University of California, San Francisco, Medical

Center

San Francisco, California

4: Diagnostic Imaging

Douglas L. Brockmeyer, MD

Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and

Pediatrics

University of Utah School of Medicine;

Attending Neurosurgeon

Primary Children’s Medical Center

Salt Lake City, Utah

104: Spinal Column Tumors in Pediatric

Patients

Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, MD

Neurosurgery Resident

Mayo Clinic

Rochester, Minnesota

64: Spinal Meningiomas

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