Encyclopedia of American Literature 1607 to present.pdf

EncyclopEdia of

amErican litEraturE

1607–to the present

About the Editors

Brett Barney is research assistant professor at the university of nebraska-lincoln’s center

for digital research in the Humanities. He has contributed to the Journals of the lewis and

clark Expedition online and is senior associate editor of the Walt Whitman archive. He

has written on Whitman and nineteenth-century popular culture.

Lisa Paddock has written scholarly articles on literature for Mississippi Quarterly,

Massachusetts Studies in English, and other journals. She is the coauthor, with carl rollyson,

of Susan Sontag: The Making of an Icon, Herman Melville A to Z, and The Brontes A to Z.

Matthew J. Bruccoli has written or edited 100 volumes on american literature and is

president of Bruccoli clark layman publishers and manly, inc. He is Emily Brown Jefferies

professor of English, Emeritus, at the university of South carolina.

George Parker Anderson is a senior editor at Bruccoli clark layman publishers and

manly, inc. He is the principal in-house editor for the documentary Series of the Dictionary

of Literary Biography.

Judith S. Baughman is the author of Literary Masters: F. Scott Fitzgerald, editor of American

Decades: 1920-1929, and coeditor of books on fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Hall

Wheelock, James dickey, and nelson algren.

Carl Rollyson is professor of English at Baruch college and has written biographies and

articles on 20th-century writers, including William faulkner, lillian Hellman, norman

mailer, and martha Gellhorn.

Marshall Boswell is professor of English at rhodes college. He is the author of John

Updike’s Rabbit Tetralogy and Understanding David Foster Wallace, as well as works of

fiction.

Assigning editors for are:

Park Bucker, assistant professor of English, university of South carolina, Sumter

Darlene Harbour Unrue, professor of English, university of nevada, las Vegas

John Unrue, professor of English, university of nevada, las Vegas

Planning Advisory Board for the Encyclopedia of American Literature

Sandra Adell, professor of literature in the department of afro-american Studies,

university of Wisconsin

Matthew J. Bruccoli, professor of English, emeritus, university of South carolina

Emory Elliott, professor of English, university of california, irvine

Richard Layman, vice president of Bruccoli clark layman/manly, inc.

Wendy Martin, chair and professor of american literature and american studies at

claremont Graduate university

EncyclopEdia of

amErican litEraturE

1607–to the present

Revised and Augmented by

Susan Clair Imbarrato

Brett Barney

George Parker Anderson

Judith S. Baughman

Matthew J. Bruccoli

Marshall Boswell

from the first edition prepared by

Carol Berkin

Lisa Paddock

Carl Rollyson

Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman

Editorial directors

Elizabeth Leverton

Series Editor

Encyclopedia of American Literature, Volume I: Settlement to the New Republic, 1607–1815

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval

systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. for information contact:

facts on file, inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Encyclopedia of american literature. —2nd ed.

v. cm.

rev. and augmentation of: 1st ed. Vol. 1 / prepared by carol Berkin; vol. 2 / prepared by lisa paddock;

vol. 3 & vol. 4 / prepared by carl rollyson.

includes bibliographical references and indexes.

contents: Vol. i: Settlement to the new republic 1607–1815 /edited by Susan clair imbarrato and carol

Berkin — vol. ii: the age of romanticism and realism 1816–1895 / edited by Brett Barney and lisa paddock

— vol. iii: into the modern 1896–1945 / edited by George parker anderson, Judith S. Baughman,

matthew J. Bruccoli and carl rollyson — vol. iV: the contemporary world 1946 to the present / edited

by marshall Boswell and carl rollyson.

eiSBn: 978-1-4381-0992-3

1. american literature—Encyclopedias. i. facts on file, inc.

pS21 .E533 2007

810'.3—dc22

2007025662

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text design by rachel l. Berlin

cover illustration by Smart Graphics

cover design by cathy rincon

printed in the united States of america

VB fof 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

this book is printed on acid-free paper.

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