X9CMME.PDF

A PPLICATION N OTES

AVAILABLE

AN42 • AN44–48 • AN50 • AN52 • AN53 • AN71 • AN73

X9C102/103/104/503

5V, 100 Taps

X9C102/103/104/503

E 2 POT ™ Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer

FEATURES

• Compatible with X9102/103/104/503

• Low Power CMOS

—V CC = 5V

—Active Current, 3mA Max

—Standby Current, 500

DESCRIPTION

The Xicor X9C102/103/104/503 is a solid state nonvola-

tile potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled

resistance trimming.

• 99 Resistive Elements

—Temperature Compensated

—

A Max

The X9C102/103/104/503 is a resistor array composed of

99 resistive elements. Between each element and at

either end are tap points accessible to the wiper element.

The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS,

U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be

stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a

subsequent power-up operation.

20% End to End Resistance Range

• 100 Wiper Tap Points

—Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface

—Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter

—Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile

Memory and Recalled on Power-Up

• 100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention

• X9C102 = 1K W

• X9C103 = 10K W

• X9C503 = 50K W

• X9C104 = 100K W

The resolution of the X9C102/103/104/503 is equal to

the maximum resistance value divided by 99. As an

example, for the X9C503 (50K

) each tap point repre-

sents 505

All Xicor nonvolatile memories are designed and tested

for applications requiring extended endurance and data

retention.

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM

U/D

INC

7-BIT

UP/DOWN

COUNTER

V H

7-BIT

NONVOLATILE

MEMORY

ONE

ONE-

HUNDRED

DECODER

TRANSFER

GATES

RESISTOR

ARRAY

STORE AND

RECALL

CONTROL

CIRCUITRY

V CC

GND

V L

V W

3863 FHD F01

E 2 POT ™ is a trademark of Xicor, Inc.

©Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995 Patents Pending

Characteristics subject to change without notice

3863-2.4 9/18/96 T2/C0/D0 SH

Terminal Voltage

X9C102/103/104/503

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

PIN CONFIGURATION

V H and V L

The high (V H ) and low (V L ) terminals of the X9C102/103/

104/503 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a

mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is –5V

and the maximum is +5V. It should be noted that the

terminology of V L and V H references the relative position

of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction

selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on

the terminal.

DIP/SOIC

INC

U/D

X9C102/

103/104/503

V CC

V H

V SS

V L

V W

V W is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable

terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position

of the wiper within the array is determined by the

control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is

typically 40

3863 FHD F02.2

PIN NAMES

Symbol

Description

Up/Down (U/ D )

The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper

movement and whether the counter is incremented or

decremented.

V H

High Terminal

V W

Wiper Terminal

V L

Low Terminal

V SS

Ground

V CC

Supply Voltage

Increment ( INC )

The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC

will move the wiper and either increment or decrement

the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on

the U/D input.

U/D

Up/Down Input

INC

Increment Input

Chip Select Input

No Connect

3863 PGM T01

Chip Select ( CS )

The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The

current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory

when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also

HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9C102/

103/104/503 will be placed in the low power standby

mode until the device is selected once again.

X9C102/103/104/503

DEVICE OPERATION

OPERATION NOTES

There are three sections of the X9C102/103/104/503:

the input control, counter and decode section; the non-

volatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control

section operates just like an up/down counter. The

output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single

electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array

to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the

contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile

memory and retained for future use. The resistor array

is comprised of 99 individual resistors connected in

series. At either end of the array and between each

resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the

potential at that point to the wiper.

The system may select the X9C102/103/104/503, move

the wiper, and deselect the device without having to

store the latest wiper, position in nonvolatile memory.

The wiper movement is performed as described above;

once the new position is reached, the system would the

keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper

position would be maintained until changed by the

system or until a power-down/up cycle recalled the

previously stored data.

This would allow the system to always power-up to a

preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during

system operation minor adjustments could be made.

The adjustments might be based on user preference:

system parameter changes due to temperature drift,

etc...

The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the

wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the

X9C102/103/104/503 is selected and enabled to

respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW

transitions on INC will increment or decrement

(depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven-bit

counter. The output of this counter is decoded to

select one of one-hundred wiper positions along the

resistive array.

The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains

LOW. This allows the host system to enable the

X9C102/103/104/503 and then move the wiper up and

down until the proper trim is attained.

T IW /R TOTAL

The electronic switches on the X9C102/103/104/503

operate in a “make before break” mode when the wiper

changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several

positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for

t IW ( INC to V W change). The R TOTAL value for the device

can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount

if the wiper is moved several positions.

The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its

mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the

last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around

when clocked to either extreme.

The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory

whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is

also HIGH.

R TOTAL with V CC Removed

The end to end resistance of the array will fluctuate once

V CC is removed.

SYMBOL TABLE

When the X9C102/103/104/503 is powered-down, the

last counter position stored will be maintained in the

nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the con-

tents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset

to the value last stored.

WAVEFORM

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

Must be

steady

Will be

steady

May change

from LOW

to HIGH

Will change

from LOW

to HIGH

May change

from HIGH

to LOW

Will change

from HIGH

to LOW

Don’t Care:

Changes

Allowed

Changing:

State Not

Known

N/A

Center Line

is High

Impedance

X9C102/103/104/503

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Temperature under Bias .................. –65

C to +135

*COMMENT

Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum

Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.

This is a stress rating only and the functional operation

of the device at these or any other conditions above

those listed in the operational sections of this specifica-

tion is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum

rating conditions for extended periods may affect device

reliability.

Storage Temperature ....................... –65

C to +150

Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and V CC

with Respect to V SS ............................... –1V to +7V

Voltage on V H and V L

Referenced to V SS ................................. –8V to +8V

Wiper Current .....................................................

1mA

ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS

Electrical Characteristics

End-to-End Resistance Tolerance .....................

20%

X9C102 ...................................... +600 ppm/

C to +85

X9C102 ....................................................... 16mW

X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 .................. 10mW

Wiper Current ............................................

C Typical

X9C103, X9C503, X9C104 ........ +300 ppm/

C Typical

Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient ............

20 ppm

1mA Max.

Typical Wiper Resistance ......................... 40

Wiper Adjustability

Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation)

Wiper Position Store Operations ................... 10,000

Data Changes

at 1mA

Typical Noise .......................... < –120dB/ Hz Ref: 1V

Resolution

Resistance ............................................................. 1%

Physical Characteristics

Marking Includes

Manufacturer‘s Trademark

Resistance Value or Code

Date Code

Linearity

Absolute Linearity (1) ........................................

1.0 Ml (2)

Relative Linearity (3) .....................................

0.2 Ml (2)

Test Circuit #1

Test Circuit #2

V H

TEST POINT

V W

FORCE

CURRENT

V L

3863 FHD F04

3863 FHD F05

Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage

= (V w(n) (actual) – V w(n) (expected)) = ± 1 Ml Maximum.

(2) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = R TOT /99.

(3) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V W(n+1) – [V w(n) + Ml] = +0.2 Ml.

V = |V H –V L |

X9C102 ............................................................. 4V

X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 ...................... 10V

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) .... +300

Temperature Coefficient

(–40

Power Rating at 25

X9C102/103/104/503

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Temperature

Min.

Max.

Supply Voltage

Limits

Commercial

+70

X9C102/103/104/503

10%

Industrial

–40

+85

3863 PGM T04.2

Military

–55

+125

3863 PGM T03.1

D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.)

Limits

Symbol

Parameter

Min.

Typ. (4)

Max. Units

Test Conditions

I CC

V CC Active Current

CS = V IL , U/D = V IL or V IH and

INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. t CYC

I SB

Standby Supply Current

200

500

CS = V CC – 0.3V, U/D and INC =

V SS or V CC – 0.3V

I LI

CS, INC, U/D Input

A IN = V SS to V CC

Leakage Current

V IH

CS, INC, U/D Input

V CC + 1

HIGH Voltage

V IL

CS, INC, U/D Input

–1

0.8

LOW Voltage

R W

Wiper Resistence

100

Max. Wiper Current

1mA

V H

VH Terminal Voltage

–5

V L

VL Terminal Voltage

–5

C IN (5) CS, INC, U/D Input

V CC = 5V, V IN = V SS ,

Capacitance

T A = 25

C, f = 1MHz

3863 PGM T05.3

STANDARD PARTS

Part Number

Maximum Resistance

Wiper Increments

Minimum Resistance

X9C102

10.1

X9C103

10K

101

X9C503

50K

505

X9C104

100K

1010

W 3863 PGM T08.1

Notes: (4) Typical values are for T A = 25 ° C and nominal supply voltage.

(5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.

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