Amherst Media - The Photographer's Guide to Color Management Professional Techniques for Consistent Results.pdf
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The Photographer's Guide to Color Management: Professional Techniques for Consistent Results
The Photographer’s
Guide to
COLOR
MANAGEMENT
Professional Techniques for Consistent Results
PHIL NELSON
Amherst Media
®
PUBLISHER OF PHOTOGRAPHY BOOKS
Copyright © 2007 by Phil Nelson.
All photographs by the author unless otherwise noted.
All rights reserved.
Published by:
Amherst Media
®
P.O. Box 586
Buffalo, N.Y. 14226
Fax: 716-874-4508
www.AmherstMedia.com
Publisher: Craig Alesse
Senior Editor/Production Manager: Michelle Perkins
Assistant Editor: Barbara A. Lynch-Johnt
ISBN-13: 978-1-58428-204-4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006937282
Printed in Korea.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without prior written consent from the publisher.
Notice of Disclaimer: The information contained in this book is based on the author’s experience and opinions. The author
and publisher will not be held liable for the use or misuse of the information in this book.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
The Color Space and Color Gamut . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Device-Dependent Color Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Different Devices Define
the Same Color Differently
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Device-Independent Color Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
The Importance of Device-Independent Color
. . . . . . .26
LAB Color
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Profile Connection Spaces
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
ICC Color Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Working Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Color-Management Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Application-Level Color Management
. . . . . . . . . . . . .31
System-Level Color Management
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Assigning Color Meaning vs.
Converting Color Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Assigning a Profile
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Converting to a Color Space
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Rendering Intents
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Relative Colorimetric
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Absolute Colorimetric
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Perceptual
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Saturation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Embedding Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
The Challenges of Digital Photography . . . . . . . . . . .8
Building a Digital Photography Workflow . . . . . . . . .8
1.Why Color Management?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
The Color Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
The Extended Photography Workflow: Working
with Clients and Service Providers . . . . . . . . .12
Relying on Service Providers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Working with Clients Who Don’t
Understand Color Management
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
The Benefits of Color Management . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Predictable Color
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Reduced Waste of Media and Time
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Improved Communication with Members
of the Extended Workflow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Real World Expectations:
The Colors Will Not Always Match! . . . . . . . .16
Certain Devices Cannot Perceive, Display, or Render
All the Colors in Your Image
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Aspects of the Workspace Can
Negatively Impact Color Perception
. . . . . . . . . . .16
Outside Services Cannot Always “Get It Right”
. . . . . .17
The Objective of This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
4. Software Setup
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Define a Standard Working Space and
Source-to-Destination Conversions . . . . . . . . .38
Where Do ICC Profiles Come From? . . . . . . . . . . .39
Device Manufacturers, Application Developers,
Paper Manufacturers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Profile Services
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Build Your Own
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Where Do ICC Profiles Live? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Macintosh
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Windows
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
System-Level Color Management: Setting Up . . . . .41
Macintosh
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
2. Preview: A Color-Managed Workflow
. . . . . . . . . .18
A Typical Workflow: No Color Management . . . . . .18
A Typical Color-Managed Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . .19
3. Color-Management Concepts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
RGB and CMYK Color Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
RGB
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
CMYK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Table of Contents
3
Windows
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Shortcomings of System-Level Color Management
. . . .43
Application-Level Color Management: Setting Up . .44
Color Settings in Photoshop CS2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Setting Up Phase One Capture One Pro
. . . . . . . . . .47
Common Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Redundant Conversion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Printer Presets
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Assigning the Monitor’s Profile
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
7. Proofing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Final Output Device (FOD) Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Soft-Proofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Gamut Warning
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Hard-Proofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
RIPs that Proof
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
5. Building a Color-Managed Workflow
. . . . . . . . . . .50
What Is Needed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Hardware for Setting Up Color Management
. . . . . . . .50
Software for Setting Up Color Management
. . . . . . . .51
Device Calibration vs. Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Calibration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Display Calibration and Profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Types of Displays
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Display Calibration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
White Point
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Gamma
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Luminance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Display Profiling
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Testing Your Calibration and Profile
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Creating Input Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Digital Cameras
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
RAW Files
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
JPEG and TIFF Files
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Scanners
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Creating Output Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Inkjet Printer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Building RGB and CMYK Output Profiles
. . . . . . . . . .76
Media Type
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
8.The Work Environment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
ISO 3664 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Room Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Evaluating Prints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Practical Appraisal
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Critical Color Matching
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
The Color-Critical Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
9.The Extended Workflow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Working with Photo Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Preparing Images for Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Clarify the RGB Color Space
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Get an ICC Profile
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Web Images
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
File Format
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Converting and Embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
6.Walking Through the
Color-Management Workflow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Inputting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
The Digital Camera Workflow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
RAW Files
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
JPEG/TIFF Files
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
The Scanning Workflow
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Outputting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Graphic Design/Prepress
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Worldwide Web
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Inkjet Printer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Outputting to a RIP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
RAW Converters that Print
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Web References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
4
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