Principles of Immunopharmacology 2nd ed (rev., ext.) - F. Nijkamp, M. Parnham (Birkhauser, 2005) WW.pdf - Bio Med 22 - Aivree

Principles of

Immunopharmacology

Edited by Frans P. Nijkamp

and Michael J. Parnham

Birkhäuser Verlag

Basel • Boston • Berlin

Frans P. Nijkamp

Faculty of Pharmacy

Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology

Sorbonnelaan 16

3584 CA Utrecht

The Netherlands

Michael J. Parnham

PLIVA Research Institute Ltd.

Prilaz baruna Filipovi ca 29

HR-10 000 Zagreb

Croatia

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Principles of immunopharmacology / edited by F.P. Nijkamp, M.J. Parnham.-- 2nd ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-5804-4 (alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 3-7643-5804-1 (alk. paper)

1. Immunopharmacology. I. Nijkamp, Franciscus Petrus, 1947- II. Parnham, Michael J., 1951-

[DNLM: 1. Immunity--drug effects. 2. Adjuvants, Immunologic-pharmacology. 3. Immunologic

Tests. 4. Immunosuppressive Agents--pharmacology. 5. Immunotherapy.

QW 540 P957 2005]

RM370.P75 2005

616.07’9--dc22

2005048217

Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek

Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;

detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de

ISBN-10: 3-7643-5804-1 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel – Boston – Berlin

ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-5804-4 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel – Boston – Berlin

The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in this

publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual case.

The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not identified as such, does not imply that

they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use.

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,

specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro-

films or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must

be obtained.

Part of Springer Science+Business Media

Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ˚˚

Cover design: Micha Lotrovsky, CH-4106 Therwil, Switzerland

Cover illustration: Mechanisms in type I hypersensitivity (allergy)

Printed in Germany

ISBN-10: 3-7643-5804-1

ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-5804-4

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

www.birkhauser.ch

Contents

Preface to the first edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preface to the second edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xvi

Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xvii

Mechanisms of immunity

A.1 Hematopoiesis, including lymphocyte development and maturation

Introduction: acquisition of specificity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hematopoiesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T and B lymphocytes: common origin from hematopoietic stem cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specificity: rearrangement of genes encoding antigen receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T lymphocyte maturation in the thymus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B lymphocyte development in the bone marrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mature T and B lymphocytes: tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T and B lymphocyte development and maturation: relevance for immunopharmacology . . . . . . . . . . .

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selected readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recommended website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.2 T cell-mediated immunity

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Biology of the T lymphocyte immune response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Composition of the T cell network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T cell subset markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Effectors of T cell-mediated immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mechanisms of T cell activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Selected readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A.3 Antibody diversity and B cell-mediated immunity

Antibodies and immunoglobulins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Structure of immunoglobulins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The generation of antibody diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B cell receptor and signal transduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B lymphocyte costimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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