þ7ö%µö"1"1#1#1#1#1#1#1#1#1#G #Q#QD%•%•%• %µ%µ%µ%µ Acknowledgments The author gratefully acknowledges permission to reprint copyrighted material (listed approximately in order of quotation): The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, by Henri and H.A. Groenewegen Frankfort, John A. Wilson, Thorkild Jacobsen and William A. Irwin. Copyright © 1946 by The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Published by the University of Chicago Press. Used by permission. Temples, Tombs and Hieroglyphs, by Barbara Mertz. Copyright © 1964 by Barbara G. Mertz. Published by Dodd, Mead and Company, New York. The Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyrighted 1946, 1952 © 1971, 1973 by the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Published by Oxford University Press. The Seven Odes: The First Chapter in Arabic Literature, by A. J. Arberry. Copyright © 1957 by George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London. Mishkat Al-Masabih, 4 volumes, by Al-Baghawõø and Al-Khat.õøb Al-Tibrõøzõø (translated by James Robson). Copyright © 1966 by Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, Publishers, Lahore, Pakistan. The Koran Interpreted, by A. J. Arberry. Copyright © 1955 by George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London, and Macmillan Publishing Co., New York. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publisher Ltd. The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of [Ibn]IshaøqÕs Sõørat Rasuøl Allaøh, by A. Guillaume. Copyright © 1955 by Oxford University Press. Discourses of Rumi, by A. J. Arberry. Copyright © 1961 by John Murray (Publishers), Ltd., London. ÒInto My Heart,Ó by H. D. Clarke. Copyright © 1924. Renewal 1952 by Hope Publishing Co., Carol Stream, Ill. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Ideals and Realities of Islam, by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Copyright © 1966 by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. The QurÕan and Its Exegesis, © 1996, Oneworld Publications. Reproduced by permission of Oneworld Publications. Islam: Creed and Worship, by Muhammad Abdul Rauf. Copyright © by M. A. Rauf, 1974. Washington, D.C.: Islamic Center. Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam, by William A. Graham. Copyright © 1977 by Mouton and Company, Berlin, West Germany. A Reader On Islam, by Arthur Jeffery. Copyright © 1980 by Ayer Company Publishers. Used by permission. The Formative Period of Islamic Thought, by W. Montgomery Watt. Copyright © 1973 by Edinburgh University Press, Scotland. The Muslim Creed: Its Genesis and Historical Development, by A. J. Wensinck. Copyright © 1932 by A. J. Wensinck. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press. The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazaølõø, by W. Montgomery Watt. Copyright © 1953 by George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. RabiÔa the Mystic and Her Fellow-Saints in Islam, by Margaret Smith. Copyright © 1928 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge Unviersity Press. Studies in Islamic Mysticism, by Reynold A. Nicholson. Copyright © 1921 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press. Sufism, by A. J. Arberry. Copyright © 1950 A. J. Arberry. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.. MuhammadÕs People: A Tale by Anthology, by Eric Schroeder. Copyright © 1955 by Bond Wheelwright Company, Freeport, Maine. Reprinted by permission of The Cumberland Press, Inc., Freeport, Maine. The Kashf al-Mahjuøb: The Oldest Persian Treatise on Suøfism, by ÔAlõø ibn ÔUthmaøn al-Jullabõø al-Hujwõørõø (translated by Reynold A. Nicholson). Copyright © 1911, New Edition 1936, by Luzac & Company, Ltd., London. Mystical Dimensions of Islam, by Annemarie Schimmel. Copyright © 1975 by The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. A Ruømõø Anthology, © 2000, Reynold a. Nicholson. Reproduced by permission of Oneworld Publications. (Previously published as Ruømõø: Poet and Mystic by George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London.) The Sufi Orders in Islam, by J. Spencer Trimingham. Copyright © 1971 by Oxford University Press. A Sufi Saint of the Twentieth Century, by Martin Lings. Copyright © 1961, 1971 by George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. Tarjumaøn al-Ashwaøq, by Ibn al-ÕArabõø (translated by Reynold A. Nicholson). Copyright © 1911 by the Royal Asiatic Society, London. Reprinted by permission. Gardens of the Righteous: Riyadh As-Salihin of Imam Nawawi, translated by Muhammad Zafrullah Khan. Copyright © 1975 by Muhammad Zafrullah Khan. Published by Curzon Press Ltd., London. The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam, by Yusuf al-Qaradawi (Translators: Kamal El-Helbawy, M.ÊMoinuddin Siddiqui, Syed Shukry). Copright © n.d. by American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, Indiana. Milestones. by Sayyid Qutb. Copyright © 1990 by American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, Indiana. Whither Islam? A Survey of Moedern Movements in the Moslem World, by H. A. R. Gibb. Copyright © 1932 by Victor Gollancz Ltd., London. Reprinted by permission of thomson Publishing Services on behalf of Taylor and Francis Books. ÒAfter the War: the Legal System; in Najaf, Justice Can Be Blind, but Not Female,Ó by Neil MacFarquhar. Copyright © 2003 by The New York Times Co. Reprinted with permission. Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of ÔAbdolkarim Soroush, translated, edited, and with a Critical Introduction by Mahmoud Sadri and Ahmad Sadri. Copyright © 2000 by ÔAbdolkarim Soroush. Published by Oxford Unviersity Press. The Correspondence of Roger Williams: Volume II. 1654Ð1682, ed. Glenn W. LaFantasie. Copryight © 1988 by Brown Unviersity Press/University Press of New England. Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism, © 2003, Omid Safi. Reproduced by permission of Oneworld Publications. Journal of Law and Religion, Vol. XV, Numbers 1 & 2 (2000Ð2001), pp. 535Ð539. Review by Frederick M. Denny of Windows of Faith: Muslim Women Scholar-Activists in North America, Gisela Webb, ed., published 2000 by Syracuse University Press. Excerpts from the review reprinted by permission of JLR. ####Acknowledments#####Acknowledgments Œ·‰ž½$%S<†‡š²³¿ÀÁÂÌÍÏÐ67M¿ø'()-./789>?@BC€”âãwx–-€™ôõ # w x Š Þ ß X Y “ ”üùùùùùõõñíííêêæâßÛ×ÔÐÌÉÅÁ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ÿýÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýÿýäÿýääÿýJ ”)*+,-/·¸éêij‡ ‚ ©CDUVWz{|ˆ‰”•–¡¢«¬®¯:ª«®¯°±²¾*+,-./ABijüøôñíêêêêêêêêæâßÛ×ÔÐÐÌÈÈÈÅÅÁ½º¶³³¯«¨¤¡¡ÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿýääÿýÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿý?jƒÊËñòpqwxy‚ƒ„†–—JÆÇî&'›óô5×؆‡Ú€¼!"YŸ ¼PÄÇÈÊÌÍÎÒàåõöüüüüøôñíéæâßßßßßßßÜÙÖÓÐÍÍÍÊ6^ÿüÿýÿüÿýÿüÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿýÿýÿýäÿý:ž%‡7øãx€õ x ß Y¸j ‚D«jËqÇô؇" ÌÍÎõöóîéãÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÎÉÉÄÄ ÿ`ÿ8Èàÿ+_RHH1DFBKRM_CREDSET_TTLBKRM_CREDSET_BLBBKRM_CREDSET_CREDBKFM_TOC_TTLBKRM_GLOSSET_TTLÿ%6\6^ÿýÿüË0ÿ•ÿL ààÿàðÿ8 ÿ`ÿ8ÿTÿ ÞÞÞÞÞÞ ”jö ö°bˆÿ‹™Žš”—4ÒÚÀË“Å–‚™U¹RPM@F<U$r«{p†h‰jŒbd’m¡á¤àµÖ¸vÁrÄÚ˜©›¡žª¡§¤§IñE¸ »ƒNÊQË"$"3x"E‚"Z-"]8"z±"}´"ƒ9"©>##(#*#-## ###Ã&º¾&½½*\±.Ê3)[3,A3?ñ3BG3RD3U3Š 3 3–43™33¦4zp4}f4¸4“¬5Cý5Wû696<'6?6Y 6\6_6j}6m‰6px6sv8îW8ñ‘8ô”9aÒ9de9sl9vk9y®9‹°9¦19©†9¬ˆ9¯Œ9²Ž9µ9¸Ð9Ì=9Ѥ9ÛR9éW9ìV9ïZ9ò\9øð9ûõ:L: N:a:c:ç:æ:ê:"é:%ï:I:L‹:T~:W†:^>:q':t¡:w©:z¢:}:€»:šÈ:–: K:£D:¶•=à/Ð 8 8ÐB€
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