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CONTROL VALVE
HANDBOOK
Third Edition
FISHER CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL, INC
Marshalltown, Iowa 50158 U.S.A.
Cernay 68700 France
Sao Paulo 05424 Brazil
Singapore 128461
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ii
Preface to Third Edition
Control valves are an increasingly vital component of modern manufacturing around
the world. Well–selected and maintained control valves increase efficiency, safety,
profitability, and ecology.
The Control Valve Handbook has been a primary reference for more than 30 years.
This third edition is a complete revision and update that includes vital information on
control valve performance and the latest technologies.
Chapter 1 offers an introduction to control valves including definitions for
common control valve and instrumentation terminology.
Chapter 2 develops the vital topic of control valve performance.
Chapter 3 covers valve and actuator types.
Chapter 4 describes digital valve controllers, analog positioners, boosters,
and other control valve accessories.
Chapter 5 is a comprehensive guide to selecting the best control valve for
an application.
Chapter 6 covers the selection and use of special control valves.
Chapter 7 covers desuperheaters, steam conditioning valves, and turbine
bypass systems.
Chapter 8 offers typical control valve installation and maintenance proce-
dures.
Chapter 9 includes information on control valve standards and approval
agencies throughout the world.
Chapter 10 offers useful tables of engineering reference data.
Chapter 11 includes piping reference data.
Chapter 12 is a handy resource for common conversions.
The Control Valve Handbook is both a textbook and a reference on the strongest link
in the control loop: the control valve and its accessories. This book includes exten-
sive and proven knowledge from leading experts in the process control field includ-
ing contributions from the ISA and the Crane Company.
iii
iv
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction to Control Valves
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Process Control Terminology
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sliding-Stem Control Valve Terminology
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control Valve Functions and Characteristics Terminology
13
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Other Process Control Terminology
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
Chapter 2. Control Valve Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
Process Variability
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actuator-Positioner Design
25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valve Type And Characterization
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economic Results
36
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
Summary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
Chapter 3. Valve and Actuator Types
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Globe Valves
41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Single-Port Valve Bodies
41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balanced-Plug Cage-Style Valve Bodies
41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High Capacity, Cage-Guided Valve Bodies
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Port-Guided Single-Port Valve Bodies
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Double-Ported Valve Bodies
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Three-Way Valve Bodies
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
v
What Is A Control Valve?
Rotary-Shaft Control Valve Terminology
Dead Band
Valve Response Time
Valve Sizing
Control Valves

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