Shamanism and ritual use of Ayahuasca (Guided by the Moon) - E. McRae.pdf - SZAMANIZM - DIANALUNA

(Original printed reference: MacRae, Edward Guiado pela lua- xamanismo e o uso ritual da

ayahuasca no culto do Santo Daime , São Paulo, Brasiliense,1992)

In memoriam,

Padrinho Sebastião Mota de Melo

Alan Godfrey Gonçalves MacRae

Glauco Rodrigues Bueno

Severino do Ramo

Acknowledgements

The present work is the result of research, financed by the Brazilian funding

organizations CNPq (Post-doctorate and visiting researcher grants) and FAPESP . During the

initial field work, I relied on the excellent help of Maria Etelvina Reis de Toledo Barros, my dear

Telva; Carlos Viccari Jr. and Cristina Flora de Oliveira - from the Institute of Social Medicine and

Criminology of São Paulo - IMESC.

The elaboration of the first research report occurred during a difficult period that

coincided with the illness and eventual death of my brother. During this painful moment, I was

greatly comforted by the affection and strength of Dulce Baptista das Neves Gonçalves

MacRae, my mother. Also crucial was the collaboration and support of friends who

accompanied me on the academic retreats away from my home town of São Paulo, at which

time this book gradually took form : Julio Assis Simões, Oswaldo Lobo Fernandez, Ulisses

Ferraz de Oliveira, Pedro de Souza, Lorivaldo P. Rocha and Nestor Perlongher.

I would also like to thank Suzana Cabral and Eduardo Luna, Clodomir Monteiro da

Silva, Carlos Eugênio Marcondes de Moura, Anthony Henman, Marion Aubrée, Fernando de La

Roque Couto, André Lazaro, Walter Dias Jr., Alberto Groisman, Vera Fróes and Hirochita

Nakamaki, who gave me access to research material and to their own work on the subject.

Cláudio Leme, leader of the music group at the "Flôr das Águas" church, not only constantly

encouraged me but also enriched the Daime sessions with his beautiful flute and helped with

his transcriptions of the Daime hymns.

Júlio Dias Gaspar helped me transform my original academic prose into something

more pleasing to the general reader. The original Portuguese version of this book was

completed while I was already involved with the "Programa de Orientaçåo e Atendimento à

Dependência da Escola Paulista de Medicina" (Program of Orientation and Care for Drug

Dependence of the Escola Paulista de Medicina), whose director, Dartiu Xavier da Silveira, and

other members, I thank for their many stimulating discussions concerning issues of drug use. I

would also like to thank Paulo Bettinelli and João Garcia Neto for their help with typing and for

their “native” comments on a few of my texts. Also invaluable were suggestions offered by my

original Brazilian publisher, Caio Graco da Silva Prado, of the Editora Brasiliense.

In 1991 during the canoe journey to Céu do Mapiá, I suffered a rather alarming accident

which cost me a few broken ribs, but at the time seemed as if it might have been more serious.

On the seemingly endless journey back to Boca do Acre, I was accompanied by Fernando

Orvath, who helped me keep my spirits up. I would also like to mention the friendship and

solidarity shown by Ulisses Ferraz de Oliveira, who accompanied me back home once I was

better.

Finally, I want to thank the followers of the Santo Daime religion, who shared with me

their beliefs and their knowledge of the use of ayahuasca. They not only helped me to produce

a piece of academic research, but also allowed me to develop greater self-knowledge and a

better understanding of spiritual matters. Maria Cristina Cunha Bueno, "Madrinha Kiki"

(Godmother Kiki) provided me with both a very meaningful interview and much support during

this period. Padrinho (Godfather) Alex Polari de Alverga shared valuable insights with me with

respect to the Santo Daime, as did Clara Iura. I cannot forget the welcome bestowed upon me

by the other daimistas, especially those from the Flôr das Águas church in São Paulo and from

the Céu do Mapiá in the rain forest. And to Padrinhos Sebastião Mota de Melo, Manoel

Corrente, Alfredo Gregório de Melo and Wilson Carneiro I am indebted for the instruction and

inspiration that went far beyond mere academic interest.

Finally, I would like, once again, to thank my mother for her insistence that I translate this work

into English – the first draft of which she generously undertook. I also thank Michael Sommers

for having helped with part of the final revision.

CONTENTS

Introduction - Psychoactive Substances and Shamanism......................................................... 6

1. Shamanism in the Western Amazon ...................................................................................17

2. “Caboclo” conceptions of illness and of the use of ayahuasca...............................................35

3. The development of the Santo Daime religion .....................................................................46

4. The Santo Daime rituals.....................................................................................................79

5. The controlled use of the ayahuasca and its structuring effects in the Santo Daime rituals......98

6. From the solitary Vegetalists to the collective shamanism of the Santo Daime.....................108

Conclusion..........................................................................................................................120

Annex: Mestre Irineu's “Cruzeirinho” .....................................................................................126

Bibliography........................................................................................................................127

About the author .................................................................................................................130

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