Briggs And Stratton Manual.pdf

SMALL ENGINE

A step-by-step guide to maintaining your small engine

www.briggsandstratton.com

I NTRODUCTION

B riggs & Stratton has been a major

force behind the explosion in small engine

popularity. This quintessential American

company builds more than two-thirds of all

lawn mower engines and is a major producer

of four-stroke small engines for almost every

application. You may find many brands of

mowers, tractors and other equipment at

your power equipment retailer. Look closely:

chances are good the engines are built by

Briggs & Stratton. Retailers like to point

this out because the name stands for quality

and experience.

Briggs & Stratton’s knowledge and expertise

is second to none. When you learn from

Briggs & Stratton technicians, you’re

learning from the company that has set

the industry standard for decades.

You’re also developing skills that apply

to more than lawn equipment. With the

information in this book, you can maintain

and repair small engines on a variety of

power equipment—from generators and

pressure washers, to hydraulic lifts. In this

booklet, we’ll cover the basic procedures

for maintaining your small engine. For

more in depth explanation of engine

systems, maintenance and repair,

go to www.briggsandstratton.com or look

for Briggs & Stratton Small Engine Care

& Repair at your local Briggs & Stratton

authorized dealer.

Contents

Introduction to Engines &

Engine Components

S AFETY

S mall engines must burn fuel and induce

electricity. Each of these involves special

safety considerations—so you need to

observe the precautions for both. Keep in

mind all operational procedures as outlined

in your owners manual when working with

your engine. Additionally, by following the

simple safety rules for engine maintenance,

you will simplify the job of safely operating,

maintaining and repairing your small engine.

• Make sure the air cleaner assembly and

blower housing are in place before starting

the engine.

• Remove any fuel from the tank and close

the fuel shutoff valve before transporting

an engine.

• Use only the original manufacturer’s

replacement parts; any other parts may

damage the engine and create safety

hazards.

• Keep engine speed settings within

manufacturer specifications. Higher speeds

can ruin the engine.

Protecting your health

Fire, electric shock and asphyxiation are not

the only dangers when working with small

engines. Take care to avoid long-term or

sudden injury to your eyes, ears, lungs, feet

and back:

• Keep your feet, hands and clothing

away from moving engine and equip-

ment components.

• Use eye protection when you work with

engines or power tools.

• Wear ear protection to reduce the risk of

gradual hearing loss from exposure to

engine noise.

• Wear a face mask, if required, when

working with chemicals.

• Wear specially designed gloves to

protect against heat, harmful chemicals

and sharp objects.

• Wear safety shoes to protect against falling

objects; safety shoes have soles that won’t

deteriorate when exposed to gasoline or oil.

• Use proper lifting techniques and seek help

with heavy lifting.

Maintenance Checklist

Checking & Changing Oil

Checking & Replacing

Spark Plugs

Checking & Changing

Air Filters

Troubleshooting Guide

Safe maintenance

To make small engine maintenance and

repair tasks easier and safer:

• Make sure you have ample work space,

with easy access to the tools you need.

• Use the correct tools for each job.

• Keep an approved fire extinguisher in a

familiar location near your work area.

• Learn engine shutoff procedures so you

can respond quickly in an emergency.

• Disengage the cutting blade, wheels or

other equipment, if possible, before

starting the engine.

• Disconnect the spark plug wire to prevent

accidental starting when you are servicing

the engine.

• Always disconnect the wire from the

negative terminal when servicing an

electric starter motor.

• Check that a spark plug or spark plug

tester is attached to the engine before

cranking.

• Avoid contact with hot engine parts,

such as the muffler, cylinder head or

cooling fins.

• Never strike the flywheel with a hammer

or hard object; it may cause the flywheel to

shatter during operation.

W HERE TO FIND US

You never have to look far to find Briggs

& Stratton support and service for your

small engine. Consult your Yellow Pages

under “Engines-Gasoline,” “Gasoline-

Engines,” “Lawn Mowers” or similar

categories. There are over 30,000 Briggs

& Stratton authorized service dealers

worldwide who provide quality service.

You can also contact Briggs & Stratton

Customer Service by phone at 1-800-

233-3723, or on the Internet at

http://www.briggsandstratton.com.

2THE GUIDE TO SMALL ENGINES

I NTRODUCTION TO ENGINES

T he four-stroke small engine that powers

your lawn mower, tiller, generator and many

other types of equipment is a gasoline engine

that generates the precise amount of power

necessary to get the job done. Here’s how the

components in your engine interact.

The carburetor draws in fuel from the fuel tank

and outside air to form a combustible vapor that

is fed into the combustion chamber.

Intake and exhaust valves open and close at

precisely timed intervals to let air and fuel enter

the engine and to let spent gases exit.

The piston is pushed through the cylinder by the

force of expanding gases. The piston’s motion

causes the crankshaft to turn. Momentum then

carries the piston back toward the top of

the cylinder.

Oil stored in the crankcase circulates through

the engine to lubricate key components like the

piston and crankshaft and to provide generalized

cooling by drawing away heat from internal

engine surfaces.

A flywheel brake and stop switch are included

on engines for equipment such as mowers that

require constant supervision. The two compon-

ents are designed to stop the engine if you

release the controls.

An air vane or flyweights monitor engine

RPMs so the governor can maintain the selected

engine speed.

Cooling fins help reduce engine tempera-

tures when air circulates across the hottest

engine surfaces.

Engine components &

their function

The rewind cord is pulled to start the

combustion process. On some models, a

starter motor replaces the rewind, drawing

on battery power to start the engine.

Revolving magnets work in conjunction with the

ignition armature and spark plug to produce a

spark in the combustion chamber.

Parts of the small engine – front view

Parts of the small engine – side view

Fuel cap

Fuel tank and shroud

Rewind rope

Rewind

Blower housing

Oil fill cap

Blower housing

Air cleaner element

Flywheel

Primer bulb

Carburetor

Ignition armature

Flywheel brake

Flywheel

Spark plug lead

Dipstick

Intake valve spring

Intake valve

Piston

Cylinder head

Connecting rod

Air cleaner cover

Piston

Spark plug

Crankcase

Cylinder head

Muffler

Engine block

Intake valve

Exhaust valve

Crankshaft

Exhaust valve

Exhaust valve spring

THE GUIDE TO SMALL ENGINES 3

M AINTENANCE

Regular maintenance schedule

You can avoid many small engine problems and save money on parts and

repairs if you follow a regular maintenance schedule. Make good maintenance

a habit when your engine is new, and always consult your owner’s manual for

special guidelines for your make and model. Service the engine more

frequently if you use it heavily or under dusty or dirty conditions.

After the first five hours of use:

• Change the oil and filter.

After each use:

• Check the oil.

• Remove debris around the muffler.

Every 25 hours or every season:

• Change the oil if operating under heavy load

or in hot weather.

• Service the air cleaner assembly.

• Clean the fuel tank and line.

• Clean the carburetor float bowl, if equipped.

• Inspect the rewind rope for wear.

• Clean the cooling fins on the engine block.

• Remove debris from the blower housing.

• Check engine compression.

• Inspect governor springs and linkages.

• Inspect ignition armature and wires.

• Inspect the muffler.

• Check the valve tappet clearances.

• Replace the spark plug.

• Adjust the carburetor.

• Check the engine mounting bolts/nuts.

Every 100 hours or every season:

• Clean the cooling system.*

• Change the oil filter, if equipped.

• Decarbonize the cylinder head.

*Clean more often if the engine operates under

dusty conditions or in tall, dry grass.

4THE GUIDE TO SMALL ENGINES

C HECKING & CHANGING OIL

W hen you pour fresh oil into the crankcase, it’s a golden or amber

color. Gradually, the heat, dirt particles and agitated air in the

crankcase cause the oil to darken. Dark oil is not only dirty; it has also

lost much of its ability to coat and protect engine components.

Manufacturers recommend changing the oil in your small engine after

every 25 hours of operation. For a new engine, you’ll also need to

change the oil after the first five hours of operation. New engines

require this extra step to flush out small particles that accumulate

naturally during the break-in period.

Hours of use are just one factor in determining how often the oil

should be changed; the amount of wear and tear is equally important.

Just like the oil in a vehicle operated in extremely dirty or dusty

conditions or at high speeds, the oil in a lawn mower or other small

engine breaks down faster under tough conditions, such as wet grass,

heavy dust, high temperatures and rough or hilly terrain.

Tools & materials:

Socket wrench set, box\wrench or adjustable wrench,

screwdriver or hex key, oil filter or pipe wrench

(for models with filters), oil drain pan, funnel.

Time required:

30 minutes.

Changing the oil

Once you decide the oil needs changing,

check your owner’s manual to determine the

type of oil, and make sure you have enough

on hand. Then, run the engine for several

minutes. Draining the oil while it’s warm will

carry off many floating particles that would

otherwise settle in the engine.

1. Stop the engine, disconnect the spark

plug lead and secure it away from the spark

plug. Then, locate the oil drain plug. On

mowers, the plug is typically below the deck

and may be obscured by a layer of grass and

debris.

2. Wipe the area with a rag to prevent debris

from falling into the crankcase when you

open the drain plug. Tilt the mower deck and

position some newspaper and an oil pan or

jug beneath the mower. Use a socket wrench

to turn the plug counterclockwise, allowing

the old oil to drain (photo A) . If the plug also

serves as a fill cap, it may have two prongs so

you can loosen it by hand or use a

screwdriver or hex key for additional torque.

Replace the drain plug by twisting clockwise

and tightening with a box wrench or

adjustable wrench.

3. If your engine has a filter, replace it at

least once a season, more often under heavy

use. Replace the filter by twisting counter-

clockwise on the body, using a filter wrench

or pipe wrench.

4. Lightly oil the filter gasket with clean

engine oil. Install a new filter rated for your

engine. Screw in the filter by hand until the

gasket contacts the filter adapter (photo B) .

Tighten the filter an additional 1⁄2 to 3⁄4 turn.

5. Add the appropriate quantity of oil (see

your owner’s manual). Then, run the engine

at idle and check for leaks.

6. After an oil change, dispose of oil and

soiled rags in accordance with local

environmental statutes (photo C) . In many

areas, oil can be left at curbside with other

recyclables, provided it is sealed in a

recyclable container. Check the regulations

in your area.

Checking the oil

Make it a habit to check the oil level and

appearance each time you’re about to start a

small engine. Checking the oil while the

engine is cold and most of the oil is in the

crankcase yields the most accurate reading.

You won’t need to change or add oil every

time. But you’ll ensure a better-running

engine and avoid problems down the road if

you keep the crankcase full and change the

oil on schedule and any time the oil loses its

amber hue.

1. Start by locating the oil fill cap on the

crankcase (photo A) . Fill cap locations vary,

depending on the make and model of your

engine. On newer models, look for an oil can

symbol or the word “oil” or “fill” stamped on

the plug. On small tractors, you may have to

lift the hood to locate this cap.

Some engines contain either an extended oil

fill tube or a standard fill hole with a dipstick

for inspection. Others require you to remove

the fill cap to check that the oil is at the fill

line or the top of the fill hole.

2. To prevent dirt and debris from falling

into the crankcase, wipe the area around the

cap with a clean cloth before removing the

cap. If there is no dipstick, dab the oil with

a clean tip of the cloth to inspect the oil

(photo B) .

3. If the engine includes a dipstick cap,

remove the dipstick and wipe it with a clean

cloth. To ensure an accurate reading, reinsert

the dipstick completely. Then, remove it

again and check the oil level. If the dipstick

cap is a screw-in type, ensure an accurate

reading by screwing it in all the way before

remov-ing it a second time to check the level.

The oil mark on the dipstick should be

between the lines shown on the dipstick

(photo C) . It should never be above the FULL

line or below the ADD line.

THE GUIDE TO SMALL ENGINES 5

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